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【析句】 本句的主句是One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that。比较复杂的是is后接一个由that引导的表语从句,其it是指油价上涨。
【讲词】 lose sleep意为“失眠”,lose sleep over意为“因……而失眠”。
against the background of表示“在……背景(情况)下”。He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies。(他常以暴风雨为背景画船。)We must try to understand the ethnic relations against the background of social changes at the time。(我们在认识种族关系时必须关注当时的社会变化。)
正文2002 Part A Text 4
2002 Part A Text 4
18。 The Supreme Court's decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。
【译文】 最高法庭关于医生协助病人结束生命问题的裁决,对如何用药物减轻病危者的痛苦具有重要的意义。
【析句】 要理解本句,一定要抓住它的核心成分。全句的主语是The Supreme Court’s decisions,谓语是carry,宾语是important implications,后面有一个how引导的从句作介词for的宾语。
【讲词】 assist的意思就是help(帮助),记住常用的搭配是to assist sb in doing sth和to assist sb by doing sth。例如:The clerk assisted the judge by looking up related precedents。(这位书记官协助那位法官查阅有关判例。)The boy assisted the blind man in crossing the street。(男孩帮助盲人过马路。)在体育比赛中, assist表示“助攻”。
relieve意为“减轻;解除;援救;救济;换班”。The medicine is supposed to relieve your pains。(这药应该能够减缓你的病痛。)常用结构relieve sb of sth表示“解除某人的……”。He was relieved of his job。(他遭到了解职。)
19。 Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physicianassisted suicide;the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect;” a centuriesold moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect。
【译文】 尽管最高法庭裁定,宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利,然而它实际上认可了医疗界的“双效”原则,这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为,某种行为具有双重效果(一个是意图达到的好效果,一个是可以预见的坏效果),那么,如果行为实施者只是想达到好的效果,这个行为就是可以允许的。
【析句】 该句是一个复杂句。主句是the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”,although引导一个状语从句。a centuriesold moral principle… good effect是principle of double effect的同位语。在同位语结构中,现在分词holding又带了一个宾语从句。
【讲词】 rule作动词时可以表示“裁决”,其名词形式是ruling。另外,应该记住 rule out这个词组,它表示“避免,排除,否决”。例如:The snowstorm ruled out their weekly meeting。(暴风雪使他们一周一次的会议无法举行。)The option of starting over has been ruled out。(“重新开始”这种选择已被排除。)
20。 Nancy Dubler;director of Montefiore Medical Center;contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very;very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death。”
【译文】 蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希·杜布勒认为,这项原则将保护部分医生,“他们在此之前一直坚持认为,如果会加速病人的死亡,他们就不会给病人提供充分的药品来控制他们的病痛”。
【析句】 该句的主语是Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center是其同位语。句子的谓语是contends,后面有一个宾语从句,而这个从句的宾语又包含一个由who引导的定语从句。
【讲词】 contend主要表示“竞争,争取”,竞争者是contender,例如:He was a strong contender in the election。(他在选举中是一位有力的竞争者。)contend还可表示“争论;辩论;声称”,在此情况下与argue,assert,maintain等意思相同。The man contended that it was not his fault。(那人争辩说这不是他的过错。)The official in the tax office contended that the shopkeeper was innocent。(税务所的官员认为该店主是无罪的。)
21。 On another level;many in the medical munity acknowledge that the assistedsuicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。
【译文】 另一方面,许多医疗界人士承认,致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是由于病人们的绝望情绪,对这些病人来说,现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦。
【析句】 该句的主语是many,谓语是acknowledge承认,后面有一个宾语从句,用的是被动语态,而其中由by引导的短语后面又有一个定语从句for whom… of dying来修饰前面的patients。本句阅读的重点在于理清句子主干结构。
【讲词】 level作名词时表示“水平;水平面;水准;标准;级别”,如:the local level of government(地方政府)。句中on another level表示“在另一方面”或“在另一个层次”。注意,on the level表示“诚实地,直率地”。
fuel作名词时表示“燃料”,作动词时表示“加燃料”,延伸意为“激发”,有火上浇油之意。Fueled by anger over the governments policy;the opposition organized a nationwide protest。(反对派对政府的政策大为光火,他们组织了全国性的抗议活动。)
prolong意为“延长;拖延”。The delegation decided to prolong their visit by one week。(代表团决定把访问延长一个星期。)
正文2002 Part B
2002 Part B
22。 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind;fee-lings;traits of character;human nature;and so on。
【译文】 难题之一在于几乎所有的所谓行为科学依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
【析句】 本句的主干为One difficulty is that,that 引导一个表语从句。在表语从句中,主语从句all of what is called behavioral science是主语。
【讲词】 该句包含了一些术语,在翻译时应该注意,如behavioral science(行为科学),state of mind(心态),feelings(感情或情感),traits of character(性格特征),human nature(人性或人的本性)。trace to本意为“追溯到”,但在此处应译为“从……去找根源”。
23。 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find。
【译文】 行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
【析句】 本句的主干为The behavioral sciences have been slow to change,后面是两个表示原因的从句,一个是partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed,一个是partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find。
【讲词】 slow to change表示变化的速度慢。explanatory items表示“可作解释的东西”,即译成“可作解释的依据”。
24。 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago;and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied。
【译文】 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
【析句】 本句由两个并列分句组成,一个是The role of…years ago,一个是the selective role of… and studied。
【讲词】 natural selection(自然选择或自然竞择)是进化论(evolution)的一个重要概念。进化论可用evolution来表示,也可说the theory of evolution。evolution的动词形式是evolve,意为“发展,(使)进展,(使)进化”。The British political system has evolved over several centuries。(英国的政治制度是经过几个世纪逐步发展而成的。)The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved from the ape。(社会发展史告诉我们人是从类人猿进化来的。)Within months;however;the virus had evolved into a huge risk to human health;causing severe respiratory illness in around 70% of those it encountered。(然而,在几个月之内,病毒竟然对人类的健康构成了巨大的威胁,感染的人大约70%患有严重的呼吸疾病。)
25。 They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing) man of traditional theory;and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
【译文】 自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
【析句】 本句由两个并列句组成,第一句是一个简单句,第二句包含一个限制性定语从句,修饰前面的essential practices。
【讲词】 credit作名词时意为“信任;信用;声望;荣誉,学分”。Why should he get all the credit?(为什么他受到了所有人的赞扬?)This course carries three credits。(这门课程有三个学分。)You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good。(如果你信誉良好,要取得这笔贷款就没有什么问题了。)作动词时,credit表示“相信;信任;把……归给”。He is credited with the invention。(那发明归功于他。)to be given credit for sth意为“因……而受称赞”。
to hold sb responsible(accountable) for sth是一个固定搭配,表示“某人应对某事负责”。Ill personally hold you responsible if the plan fails。(如果这个计划失败了,我会亲自拿你是问。)
26。 Until these issues are resolved;a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected;and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems。
【译文】 (如果)这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题