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【译文】 对抱负的攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解的则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。
【析句】 此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句。where they are not extremely unattractive是定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders。
【讲词】 angle意为“角度”，这里特指看问题的角度。Personally；though；I am more interested in looking at the issue from another angle。（尽管就我个人而言，我更有兴趣从另外一个角度看待这个问题。）
perspective原意为“透视画法，透视图”，转意为“远景；前途；观点；（认识问题的）角度”。It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the pre…sent。（偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来。）He tried to explore from the perspective of history the uniqueness of Asia’s development。（他试图从历史的角度来探讨亚洲发展的独特性。）
25。 This does not mean that ambition is at an end；that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings；but only that；no longer openly honored；it is less openly professed。
【译文】 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了；而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。
【析句】 这是一个简单句，主干是this does not mean；后面接了3个并列的that从句作mean的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。
【讲词】 stir的意思是“搅动；轰动”，在句中的意思是“为之所动”或“为之激动”。prompt有“提示；激励”的意思，其在句中的意思与stir相同。profess意为“公开承认”，例如：He professed to despise everything that had happened since 1850。（他自称厌恶自1850年以来发生的一切事情。）profess还可表示“宣誓入教”，即参与某个宗教团体。
正文2000 Translation
2000 Translation
26。 Under modern conditions；this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts。
【译文】 在现代条件下，这需要采取不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
【析句】 本句是一个简单句。句子的主干为this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists，主语是this，谓语动词requires的宾语是两个，分别是varying measures of centralized control和the help of specialized scientists。such as economists and operational research experts是specialized scientists的同位语。
【讲词】 measure意为“测量；尺寸；措施”，但在句中的意思为“程度，幅度”。 varying measures of意为“不同程度的”。
centralized control指中央控制，即中央政策的控制。operational research意为“运筹学”，这个概念并不常见，个人认为翻译题中出现这样的词汇并不合适。
27。 Furthermore；it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry；and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds。
【译文】 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
【析句】 本句的it是形式主语，真正的主语为两个that引导的从句，即that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，以及that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds。另外应该知道在第二个从句中，this指代前面的efficiency。
【讲词】 to be bound up with意为“与……联系在一起”或“与……相关”。The destiny of Hong Kong is bound up with the economic progress in the mainland。（香港的命运与大陆的经济增长息息相关。）Rockwell has realized that the thriving of the corporation and the local image in China are closely bound up with the knowledge and the skill of the personnel。（罗克维尔公司已经认识到，公司的发展及在中国的形象与其人员的知识和技能密不可分。）
28。 Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications；people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas；while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above。
【译文】 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
【析句】 Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications作全句的原因状语，本句的主干为people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas。while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above是一个时间状语，其中过去分词结构given above作后置定语，修饰the reasons。
【讲词】 expose意为“揭露；曝光；暴露于；接触到”。The report exposed the secret operation which had been carried by the government。（这篇报导揭露了政府一直在从事的秘密行动。）Our troops were exposed to the enemy fire。（我们的部队暴露于敌人的火力之下。）You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well。（如果你想学好英语，就应该多接触英语。）
29。 In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century；whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。
【译文】 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
【析句】 本句的主干为the process of industrialization… was spread over nearly a century。in the early industrialized countries of Europe作全句的状语，with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意连接词whereas引导的是一个表示对比的从句。
【讲词】 翻译此句时，应该注意术语的翻译，因此industrialized country应该译成“工业化国家”，the process of industrialization译成“工业化进程”， developing nation（country）译成“发展中国家”。
undergo意为“经历；遭受；忍受”。You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing。（你简直无法想象她经历了多少磨难。）The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant。（老人在经历了一次换心手术后活了5年。）
30。 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。
【译文】 由于人口激增，加上大规模的人口迁移所产生的问题（如今，现代交通工具使人口迁移变得相对容易）也会造成额外的社会压力。
【析句】 本句的主干为Additional social stresses may also occur。because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的状语。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分，说明mass migration movements，完整的说法应该是that （which） are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。
【讲词】 stress作名词时常见的词义是“压力；强调”。Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us。（我们的目标不是消除压力，而是要学会控制压力，如何使用它以帮助自己。）Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China。（章学诚一贯强调研究中华帝国的地方史意义重大。）
正文1999 Passage 1
1999 Passage 1
1。 Luckily；if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster；a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles。 Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s；when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers' misfortunes。
【译文】 幸运的是，假如门垫或炉灶没有警示你可能会发生的危害，你或许可以对自己所遇到的麻烦索赔并获补偿。或者说人们是这么想的，因为自80年代初以来，陪审团越发认为公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。
【析句】 句子本身并不复杂，两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，or so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是or the thinking has gone so（或者说人们是这么想的）。
【讲词】 liable意为“有责任的；有义务的”。I am not liable for other people’s debts。（我对其他人的债务不负责任。）He is liable to e today。（他今天很可能要来。）be liable for sth意为“应对……负责”；to hold sb liable for sth意为“某人应对某事负责”，类似的表达还有to hold sb accountable for sth或to hold sb responsible for sth。I will hold you liable for any damage。（如有损坏，我拿你是问。）
2。 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions；for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations；it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured。
【译文】 虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，如提示注意药物的副作用，并且很多是按照州或联邦法规的要求而添加的，但是当一名消费者受伤时，警示语是否真能免除制造商和销售商的责任，这还不清楚。
【析句】 在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injur