按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
20。 Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life;NBAC will remain silent on embryo research。
【译文】 因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究用的胚胎(人类子代出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命,NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上保持沉默。
【析句】 because引导的原因状语从句的宾语是use,of短语说明了use的对象 (federal funds),随后是两个并列的不定式短语,表明用途(create embryos;to knowingly endanger an embryo's life),其中括号里的内容是对embryos的解释,然后才是主句,注意介词on(关于)的用法。
这个句子的关键在于use后面的修饰成分,尤其是两个to不定式的意义,说明了禁止的内容。再者注意括号里对embryos的解释。
【讲词】 endanger意为“危及”。The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents。(城里被污染的空气正严重地危及居民的健康。)Volunteers will respect the cultural values of the local population;in an effort not to endanger the project。(志愿人员将尊重当地人民的文化价值,尽量避免危及这一项目。)
正文1999 Passage 5
1999 Passage 5
21。 The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens;the moon and the planets。
【译文】 苹果向下落到地面不是向上飞到树上,这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大果实——月球和行星所存有的疑问。
【析句】 这个句子的主干是The fact… answered the question。主语The fact跟了一个同位语从句(the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree)。宾语the question跟了一个定语从句(he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens;the moon and the planets)。
【讲词】 fact(事实)词义虽然简单,但是在英语中会作主语或宾语,特别是介词的宾语,这种情况可能会给理解增加一些困难。We have to be aware of that fact that there is censorship in every country in the world。(我们必须认识到这样一个事实,即全世界每个国家都存在审查制度。)Apart from the fact that this is mislabeled; you could not guarantee that others would recognize these conventions;or even follow them。(不仅这种说法不对,而且你无法保证其他人会认识到这些习俗,或者甚至会遵守这些习俗。)
22。 In talking to some scientists;particularly younger ones;you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought。
【译文】 在和一些科学家,特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能会有这样一种印象:他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。
【析句】 这个句子的主干是you… gather the impression。句子的状语(In talking to some scientists;particularly younger ones)较长。that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought是定语从句,修饰the impression。
【讲词】 substitute意为“替代,替身”。Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality。(幻想的意义并不仅仅在于作为失意的现实的替代物。)Silk was once substituted as a writing material。(丝绸曾一度是书写材料的替代品。) The coach has to find a substitute for the injured forward。(教练必须为受伤的前锋寻找一位替补队员。)
23。 If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate;then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents。
【译文】 假如科学实验像科学杂志登载的科学报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施,那么,对管理层来说,期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。
【析句】 这是一个主从复合句,从句是if引导的条件从句,主句是then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents。从句的结构比较复杂,在这个as… as…的结构中,后一个as跟了一个句子。
【讲词】 measurable意为“可以衡量的”,measurable in dollars and cents意为“可以用钱来衡量”。In fact;practically any function that can be described is measurable。(事实上,每一个可以描述的功能几乎都能加以衡量。)Economic effects are more measurable than social effects。(经济影响比社会影响更能加以衡量。)
24。 It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope。
【译文】 审计人员也完全有理由相信,确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要在一只眼盯着显微镜时,还要分心用另一只眼睛盯着现金计数器。
【析句】 这个简单句的主语用的是形式主语it,真正的主语是for后面的部分。 believe后面跟的是一个that引导的宾语从句,其主干是scientists… should not be distracted by…,其中的主语scientists跟了一个who引导的定语从句,这个定语从句的宾语分别是where和how引导的两个从句。
【讲词】 distract意为“使混乱,使迷惑”。The noise in the street distracted me from my reading。(街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。)The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom。(教室外边的喧闹声使学生们不能集中注意力。)
have(keep) an eye on意为“盯着,看着;注意,留意”。Keep an eye on contact lenses safety。(当心隐形眼镜的安全。)Scientists warn us of the need to keep an eye on the ozone layer。(科学家警告我们要关注臭氧层。)
25。 Nor; if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect;is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team。”
【译文】 如果像他的论文所反映的那样,科学家也想看到规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,那也是无可指摘的。
【析句】 本句是倒装句,原因是否定词nor在句首,后面紧跟的是if引导的条件从句,注意其中有一个as… as…的用法,中间跟的是形容词desirable,比较的是科学家对regularity and conformity的希望和他的论文所反映的要求;这样的构成使得主句的主语和谓语is发生了倒装,介词for后面跟的动名词短语是blamed的理由。注意against和 in favor of后面各跟了一种不同类型的researchers;thinkers后面跟的是who引导的定语从句,起修饰作用。
【讲词】 conformity意为“一致;符合”。I acted in conformity with my principles。(我按照我的原则办事。)conformity的动词是conform。We should conform to university regulations。(我们应该遵守大学规则。)
odd balls在句中意为“奇怪的人”或“与众不同的人”。
正文1999 Translation
1999 Translation
26。 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians; modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past。
【译文】 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
【析句】 这是一个复合句,主句是modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past,从句是While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians。在While引导的状语从句中,又含有一个由as… as引导的从句,表示一种比较关系。
【讲词】 recreate意为“再创造;再现”。Is it possible to recreate the situation which surfaced three years ago?(是否有可能再现三年前的情形?) recreate还可以表示“(使)得到休养;(使)得到娱乐”。
27。 Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves。
【译文】 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
【析句】 本句是简单句。句子的主干为Interest… has arisen。此句较难之处一是对术语的理解和翻译,二是对句子结构的理解,特别是对less… more…的理解。
【讲词】 historical methods在句中不是“历史的方法”,而是“历史研究的方法”。external challenge意为“外界的挑战”或“外部的挑战”,即“外界的意见”。the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是指“历史学能否成为一门学科”。internal quarrel意为“内部的争论”。
28。 During this transfer;traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study。
【译文】 在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
【析句】 本句是简单句。句子的主干为traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies。designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的 methodologies。
【讲词】 augment意为“加强,充实”。The plan was augmented by further funding from the pany。(公司进一步的注资加强了这一计划。)
new forms of evidence意为new forms of historical evidence,因此应该译为“新的史料”或“新的史证”。
29。 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in ge