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【讲词】 lump together意为include(包括在一起)。
enlightened意为“开明的;有知识的;进步的”。enlightened age(文明时代)。 An enlightened government should permit the free expression of political opinion。(一个开明的政府应当允许自由发表政见。)
正文1998 Passage 4
1998 Passage 4
17。 Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional petition;as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill。
【译文】 1980年美国人口普查表明,随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止,地区间的竞争越来越激烈。
【析句】 这是主从复合句,逗号前面是主句,是个倒装句,主干结构其实是The picture is emerging from the 1980 census。of a nation developing more and more regional petition是定语,修饰the picture。as引导的从句(as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill)表示伴随。
【讲词】 picture除了“图像”以外,还可表示“情形”等,具体什么意思要看句子的表述。记住几个与picture有关的词组,如:e/step into the picture(引人注意;处于显要地位;成为其中一部分),not in the picture(不合适;不相干的,被抛弃;被拒绝;没有赢的希望)=out of the picture(不合适;不相干的,被抛弃;被拒绝;没有赢的希望),put/keep sb。 in the picture(把基本情况告诉某人)。
18。 This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting。
【译文】 这一发展——以及其对今后几年美国政治和经济的强大影响——在美国人口普查史上第一次确定南部是人口最密集的地区。
【析句】 句子的主干是This development… has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region。破折号之间成分是对主语的补充。for the first time in the history是全句的状语。
【讲词】 enthrone意为“登基;加冕”,在句中的意思是“正式确定为”或“成为”。“Ten years ago I was enthroned as the reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Lama;” the 11th Panchen Lama told the crowd。(十一世班禅告诉人群:“十年前我被正式确定为第十世班禅的转世灵童。”)
head counting是census(人口普查)的通俗说法。
19。 Often they choose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon; Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog; rime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State。
【译文】 他们常常选择——现在依然这样选择——一些气候较冷的地区,如俄勒冈、爱达荷和阿拉斯加,为的是躲开“金州”(加利福尼亚)的烟雾、犯罪和其他在城市化进程中出现的问题。
【析句】 这是一个单句,其主干结构为They choose… and are choosing colder climates。破折号之间的成分是补充谓语成分。such as Oregon;Idaho and Alaska是 somewhat colder climates的同位语,注意climates在句中并不是“气候”的意思,而是指“地区”。in order to escape smog;crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State作目的。
【讲词】 plague作名词时表示“瘟疫;麻烦;苦恼;灾祸”,作动词时意为“折磨;使苦恼;使得灾祸”。Health officials feared a dread plague was in the making。(卫生官员担心一种可怕的瘟疫正在形成。)Could the bird flu be the plague of our century?(禽流感会成为我们这个世纪的瘟疫吗?)For years;the country has been plagued by violence。(多年来这个国家一直受到暴力的困扰。)
20。As a result; California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s;to 18。5 percent—little more than twothirds the 1960s' growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states。
【译文】 因此,加利福利尼的人口增长率在70年代降到185%,仅略高于60年代增长率的三分之二,但大大低于西部其他各州。
【析句】 注意dropped to 18。5%意为下降到18。5%,而不是下降了18。5% (dropped by 18。5%)。two thirds the 1960's growth figure表示是60年代生长率的三分之二。
【讲词】 considerable意为“相当的”,considerably意为“相当地”。The death toll could rise considerably as more information es in from the area hit by the earthquake。(地震灾区传来的更多信息显示,死亡人数可能会大幅上升。)
正文1998 Passage 5
1998 Passage 5
21。 Unlike most of the world's volcanoes; they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary; many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate。
【译文】 和世界上大多数火山不同的是,它们并不总是在构成地球表面的巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反,许多热点处于板块较深的内部。
【析句】 这是一个由两个分句组成的并列句,中间由分号隔开。在前一个分句中, Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes是一个形容词短语,修饰句子的主语they。定语从句(that make up the earth’s surface)修饰the great drifting plates。第二个分句结构较简单,注意many of them是指many of the hot spots。
【讲词】 make up意为“化妆;补足;拼凑;组成;编造”等。He made up an excuse for his absence in class;which was found out。(他编了一个借口没来上课,结果被发现了。)I’ll make up the difference in the bill。(我来补上帐单的差额。) You have to make up the lost time by studying harder。(你应该更加努力学习,以弥补失去的时间。)He kissed his wife and made up with her。(他吻了妻子,和她和好了。)
22。 The plementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined。
【译文】 互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆曾经是连在一起的。
【析句】 这个单句的主语是the plementary coastlines and certain geological features,后面跟了一个定语从句(that seem to span the ocean),从句中that充当的是主语。全句的表语名词reminders跟了一个of短语结构,其中包含一个表示地点的从句。
【讲词】 reminder的意思是“暗示;有提醒作用的人或物”。The museum serves as a reminder of the crimes mitted against the people of Nanjing。(纪念馆提醒人们不要忘记南京人民所遭受的暴行。)
span作名词表示“跨度;范围”,作动词时意为“横越”。Richard Carleton; an awardwinning journalist whose career in Australian television spanned 40 years; died on Sunday。(理查德·卡尔顿星期天去世,这位多次获奖的记者曾在澳大利亚的电视机构工作了40年。)The Thames is spanned by many bridges。 (泰晤士河上架设了许多桥梁。)
33。 The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail;but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior。
【译文】 这些大陆板块的相对运动已被详细阐述出来,但一个板块相对另一板块的运动还不能轻易地被解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。
【析句】 在这个用but连接的两个并列分句中,前一个分句主语的限定成分the plates带了一个现在分词短语,起修饰作用;后一个分句中注意谓语be translated into意为“被解释为”,这里的another指的是another plates。介词with respect to出现了两次,意思是“相对于……”。
【讲词】 translate意为“翻译”,但它还可以表示“解释;调动;转换”。 Today's low inflation and steady growth in household ine translate into more purchasing power。(现今的低通货膨胀率和家庭收入的稳定增长转化成了更多的购买力。)It is important to have an ideal;but it's more important to translate it into reality。(理想固然重要,但把理想变成现实更为重要。)Her silence was translated as a protest。(她的沉默被认为是一种抗议。)Three years ago;he was translated to the countryside。(他在三年前被调到了乡下。)
正文1998 Translation
1998 Translation
34。 But even more important;it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past;for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago。
【译文】 但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前的形状和结构。
【析句】 这是一个主从复合句。主句是一个it强调句,从句表示原因。在从句中, what they were seeing是主语,从句that existed 15 billion years ago为the pattern and structures的定语。
【讲词】 pattern虽有“模式”的意思,但在句中应理解为“形状,形态”。see的意思当然是“看,看见”,但由于科学家并非是用肉眼看到宇宙云,所以应该译成“观测”。
35。 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang; first put forward in the 1920s;to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos。
【译文】 巨大的宇宙云的存在,实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。
【析句】 本句的主干为The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,过去分词短语first put forward in the 1920s在句中作后置定语,修饰前面的the Big Bang。
【讲词】 Big Bang是天文学的一个名词,应该译成“大爆炸”或“大爆炸理论”。
put forward意为“提出”。The Council has put forward valuable concrete proposals on energy conservation。(委员会提出了宝贵而具体的节能意见。)China has put forward three historical sites for UNESCO heritage list。(中国提交三个历史名胜申请成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。)
UNESCO的全称是the United Nations Educational;Scientific and Cultural Organization。
36。 Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures;and may report their findings soon。
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