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【译文】 作为语言学家,他承认所有的人类语言,包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言,都具有强大的表达力——世上没有一种语言或方言无法传达复杂的思想。
【析句】 all varieties of human languages等于all human languages。本句涉及语言学的一个基本理论,即所有的语言都能表达复杂的思想。句子的主干是he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive,谓语acknowledges后面是that引导的宾语从句。从句中主谓之间插入了介词短语including nonstandard ones like Black English。破折号后面分句对前面话语进行补充说明。
【讲词】 在英语中,acknowledge,admit,avow;confess和concede都有“承认”的意思。acknowledge表示公开承担某事的责任。He acknowledged that the purchase had been a mistake。(他承认购买那东西是个错误之举。)acknowledge还有“答谢”的意思。The author acknowledged the assistance of Professor Johnson in his research。(作者向约翰逊教授对其研究所给予的帮助表示感谢。)也可表示“公认”,常用被动语态。He is acknowledged the best player in the team。(他被公认为队中最好的球员。)
24。 Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads; while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most Englishspeakers。
【译文】 俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言,并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌;而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲,即使这在大多数讲英语的人眼里已经过时。
【析句】 句子本身并不难,它是一个由连接词while所组成的并列句。句子的难点可能是tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most English speakers。speech是指说话的方式,elaborate speech指说话比较繁琐,因此会让大多数讲英语的人听起来觉得oldfashioned。简言之,意大利的政治家说话太文乎,有咬文嚼字之嫌。
【讲词】 elaborate与labor是同根词,它可以是形容词(表示“精心制作的;详细阐述的”),也可以是动词(表示“精心制作;详细阐述”)。After two weeks;they came up with an elaborate plan。(经过两个星期的准备,他们拿出了一份详细的计划。)There is no need for you to elaborate on the facts。(你没有必要详尽说明事实。)
正文2005 Part B
2005 Part B
25。 Canada's premiers(the leaders of provincial governments);if they have any breath left after plaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting;might spare a moment to do something;to reduce healthcare costs。
【译文】 加拿大的省长们在7月底举行的年度会议上对渥太华抱怨了一通,如果他们还有力气的话,他们也许应该花点时间做点什么,以降低医疗费用。
【析句】 这是一个条件复合句。从句是if… annual meeting,主句是Canada’s premiers… to do something,后面的to reduce healthcare costs是目的状语。
【讲词】 breath在句中意为“精力”。to have any breath left意为“还有力气或精力”。I dont have any breath to explain myself。(我没有精力为我自己解释。)Mrs。 Hockin had scarcely any breath to tell us anything;as she came in through the door。(霍金夫人走进门以后几乎没有力气跟我们说话。)
spare作形容词表示“空余的;有用的”,如spare time(业余时间)。作动词时,可以表示“饶恕;安慰;使免除;节省”等。It is time for the President to spare himself the burden of leadership。(总统现在应该主动放弃领导国家的职责。)
26。 Both the Romanow mission and the Kirby mittee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—remended the creation of a national drug agency。
【译文】 不要说别的专家所提的报告,就连罗曼诺医疗委员会和科尔比医疗委员会都建议成立一个全国性的药品机构。
【析句】 这是一个简单句,但是句中有一个插入成分,即破折号中间的成分。插入语实际上表示一种让步条件。
【讲词】 to say nothing of意为“更不要说”。I think your written English is quite good;to say nothing of your oral English。(我认为你的英语写作水平很高,更不要说你的口语了。)Those doing business in China are often frustrated by the language difficulties;to say nothing of the cultural and business practice differences。(在中国做生意的人常常会因语言障碍而感到泄气,更不要说在文化和经营惯例方面的差别了。)
creation在句中是“成立,建立,创建”的意思。The creation of the fund was made possible by a generous donation from the business munity。(得益于商界各位人士的慷慨相助,基金会才得以成立。)
27。 Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs;bureaucracy;procedures and limited bargaining power;all would pool resources;work with Ottawa;and create a national institution。
【译文】 与其各省自行制定药品采购清单,拥有自己的机构、程序和有限的议价能力,倒不如集中各自掌握的资源,与渥太华一道成立一个全国性的机构。
【析句】 句子的主句是all would pool resources;work with Ottawa;and create a national institution。instead of引导了一个介词短语,作全句的状语。instead of意为“代替;宁愿”,如果直译句子肯定不通,因此在翻译时可对句子结构等进行适当的调整。
【讲词】 pool在句中作动词,意为“汇聚;集中”。Let’s pool our resources to finish the project quickly。(让我们集合我们的资源以尽快完成这个项目。)在北美,人们为了节省汽油,上班时会car pool,即拼车上班。
28。 Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers;the higher the likelihood of a better price。
【译文】 基础经济学理论说明,潜在的消费者越多就越有可能争取更优惠的价格。
【析句】 这是一个简单句,但是由于用了不大常用的词likelihood,句子显得有些费解。改写一下,可能意思更明了:Basic economics suggests that it is more likely to negotiate a better price with more potential consumers。
【讲词】 likelihood意为“可能;可能性”。Do you think there is any likelihood of his agreeing to it?(=Do you think it is possible that he will agree to it?你认为他有同意此事的可能性吗?)WHO;the world health organization; warns that the likelihood of a human flu epidemic is very high。(世界卫生组织警告说,爆发人流感的可能性非常高。)
29。 A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment;funded by Ottawa and the provinces。
【译文】 渥太华和一些省出资成立了加拿大医疗技术评估协作办公室,这意味着向成立全国性机构的目标迈出了一小步。
【析句】 这是一个简单句,句子的主干是A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency。with the creation…Assessment是状语,过去分词短语(funded by Ottawa and the provinces)作定语,修饰the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment。
【讲词】 assess意为“估定;评定”,assessment是其名词形式。Damages were assessed at 1;000 RMB。(损失估计达一千元人民币。)What is your assessment of the situation?(你对时局的看法如何?)
fund作名词时表示“资金;基金(会)”,作动词意为“资助;投资”。idle fund(游资),public welfare fund(公益金),a relief fund(救济基金),a reserve fund(公积金),a scholarship fund(奖学金基金)。The project was abandoned for want of funds。(这个计划因为缺少资金而作罢。)The project funded by the government has eased the traffic problem in the city。(政府投资的项目缓解了城市的交通问题。)
30。 Or they could read Mr。 Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug panies。”
【译文】 或许他们可以读一读科尔比先生的报告:“由于这样一个机构拥有实实在在的购买力,因而公共处方药保险计划就会得到加强,从而与制药公司展开谈判,以尽可能低的价格采购药品。”
【析句】 引号之内的成分可以视作为Mr。 Kirby’s report的同位语。引号中的成分是一个单句,to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug panies是其目的状语。由于引号中的主语(the substantial buying power of such an agency)太长,因此在译成汉语时应该考虑译成一个分句。
【讲词】 buying power又叫purchasing power(购买力)。注意negotiate的用法,to negotiate sth with sb。Mexico had unequal bargaining power when it negotiated the Treaty with the United States。(墨西哥在与美国缔结条约时没有平等的讨价还价权力。)You should negotiate a pay raise with your boss。(你应该与你的老板交涉,争取让他给你涨工资。)
31。 According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information;prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending。 Part of the increase es from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments。 Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds。 Part of it is higher prices。
【译文】 根据加拿大医疗信息研究所的报告,处方药的成本自1997年以来持续上涨,其上涨幅度是整个医疗支出速度的两倍。部分原因是不断有新药取代旧的治疗手段,部分原因是新药比旧药贵,部分原因是价格高。
【析句】 句子并不复杂,但要注意英语中的倍数表达(twice the rate),以及如何解释原因。
【讲词】 twice可以表达两倍。Greenland ice cap is breaking up at twice the rate it was five years ago。(格陵兰的冰冠正以5年前两倍的速度融化。)
arise from意为“起于”。This case arose from a fire in a residential property in southern Delaware。(这一案件源于南特拉华州一处民宅的火灾。)The serious health problems arose from the Gulf War。(这一严重的健康问题起于海湾战争。)
32。 So;if the provinces want to run the healthcare show;they should prove they can run it;starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication;save administrative c