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in their due season〃 （Num。 xxviii。 2）。
（7） In 2 Samuel xv。 27 David says to Zadok the priest； 〃Art thou
not a seer？〃 and Gad is called David's seer。
（8） This would at first appear to be inconsistent with the use
of the word 〃prophetess〃 for Deborah。 But it does not follow
because the writer of Judges applies the name to Deborah that it
was used in her day。
（9） Samuel tells the cook； 〃Bring the potion which I gave thee；
of which I said to thee； Set it by thee。〃 It was therefore
Samuel's to give。 〃And the cook took up the thigh （or shoulder）
and that which was upon it and set it before Saul。〃 But； in the
Levitical regulations； it is the thigh （or shoulder） which
becomes the priest's own property。 〃And the right thigh （or
shoulder） shall ye give unto the priest for an heave…offering；〃
which is given along with the wave breast 〃unto Aaron the priest
and unto his sons as a due for ever from the children of Israel〃
（Lev。 vii。 31…34）。 Reuss writes on this passage： 〃La cuisse
n'est point agitee； mais simplement prelevee sur ce que
les convives mangeront。〃
（10） See； for example； Elkanah's sacrifice； 1 Sam。 i。 3…9。
（11） The ghost was not supposed to be capable of devouring the
gross material substance of the offering； but his vaporous body
appropriated the smoke of the burnt sacrifice； the visible and
odorous exhalations of other offerings。 The blood of the victim
was particularly useful because it was thought to be the special
seat of its soul or life。 A West African negro replied to an
European sceptic： 〃Of course； the spirit cannot eat corporeal
food； but he extracts its spiritual part； and； as we see； leaves
the material part behind〃 （Lippert； Seelencult； p。 16）。
（12） It is further well worth consideration whether indications
of former ancestor…worship are not to be found in the singular
weight attached to the veneration of parents in the fourth
commandment。 It is the only positive commandment； in addition to
those respecting the Deity and that concerning the Sabbath； and
the penalties for infringing it were of the same character。
In China； a corresponding reverence for parents is part and
parcel of ancestor…worship； so in ancient Rome and in Greece
（where parents were even called ＇secondary and earthly＇）。 The
fifth commandment； as it stands； would be an excellent
compromise between ancestor…worship and monotheism。 The larger
hereditary share allotted by Israelitic law to the eldest son
reminds one of the privileges attached to primogeniture in
ancient Rome； which were closely connected with ancestor…
worship。 There is a good deal to be said in favour of the
speculation that the ark of the covenant may have been a relic
of ancestor…worship； but that topic is too large to be dealt
with incidentally in this place
（13） 〃The Scientific Aspects of Positivism；〃 Fortnightly
Review； 1869； republished in Lay Sermons。
（14） OEuvres de Bossuet； ed。 1808； t。 xxxv。 p。 282。
（15） I should like further to add the expression of my
indebtedness to two works by Herr Julius Lippert； Der
Seelencult in seinen Beziehungen zur alt…hebraischen
Religion and Die Religionen der europaischen
Culturvolker； both pubished in 1881。 I have found them full
of valuable suggestions。
（16） See among others the remarkable work of Fustel de
Coulanges； La Cite antique； in which the social
importance of the old Roman ancestor…worship is brought out with
great clearness。
（17） Supposed to be 〃the finer or more aeriform part of the
body；〃 standing in 〃the same relation to the body as the perfume
and the more essential qualities of a flower do to the more
solid substances〃 （Mariner； vol。 ii。 p。 127）。
（18） A kind of 〃clients〃 in the Roman sense。
（19） It is worthy of remark that ＇Greek＇ among the Greeks； and
Deus among the Romans； had the same wide signification。
The dii manes were ghosts of ancestors=Atuas of
the family。
（20） Voyages aux iles du Grand Ocean； t。 i。 p。 482。
（21） Te Ika a Maui： New Zealand and its Inhabitants；
p。 72。
（22） Compare： 〃And Samuel said unto Saul； Why hast thou
disquieted me？〃 （I Sam。 xxviii。 l5）
（23） Turner； Nineteen Years in Polynesia； p。 238。
（24） See Lippert's excellent remarks on this subject； Der
Seelencult； p。 89。
（25） Sciography has the authority of Cudworth；
Intellectual System； vol。 ii。 p。 836。 Sciomancy ＇Greek＇；
which； in the sense of divination by ghosts； may be found in
Bailey's Dictionary （1751） also furnishes a precedent for
my coinage。
（26） 〃Kami〃 is used in the sense of Elohim； and is also； like
our word 〃Lord；〃 employed as a title of respect among men； as
indeed Elohim was。
（27） ＇The Assyrians thus raised Assur to a position of
pre…eminence。＇
（28） I refer those who wish to know the reasons which lead me to
take up this position to the works of Reuss and Wellhausen； ＇and
especially to Stade's Geschichte des Volkes Israel。＇
（29） Bunsen。 Egypt's Place； vol。 v。 p。129； note。
（30） See Birch； in Egypt's Place； vol。 v； and Brugsch；
History of Egypt。
（31） Even by Graetz； who； though a fair enough historian； cannot
be accused of any desire to over…estimate the importance of
Egyptian influence upon his people。
（32） Graetz； Geschichte der Juden； Bd。 i。 p。 370。
（33） See the careful analsyis of the work of the Alexandrian
philosopher and theologian （who； it should be remembered； was a
most devout Jew； held in the highest esteem by his countrymen）
in Siegfried's Philo von Alexandrien； 1875。 ＇Also Dr。
J。 Drummond's Philo Judaeus； 1888。＇
（34） I am not unaware of the existence of many and widely
divergent sects and schools among the Jews at all periods of
their history； since the dispersion。 But I imagine that orthodox
Judaism is now pretty much what it was in Philo's time；
while Peter and Paul； if they could return to life； would
certainly have to learn the catechism of either the Roman；
Greek； or Anglican Churches； if they desired to be considered
orthodox Christians。
（35） Dante's description of Lucifer engaged in the eternal
mastication of Brutus； Cassius； and Judas Iscariot
〃Da ogni bocca dirompea co' denti
Un peccatore； a guisa di maciulla；
Si che tre ne facea così dolenti。
A quel dinanzi il mordere era nulla；
Verso 'l graffiar； che tal volta la schiena
Rimanea della pelle tutta brulla〃
is quite in harmony with the Pisan picture and perfectly
Polynesian in conception。
End