°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
òÊÇÉÏÎÄËùÊöµÄÒÔ¸öÈËÐж¯×ÔÓÉΪּ¹éµÄ³éÏóÐÔ¡¢·ñ¶¨ÐÔºÍÄ¿µÄ¶ÀÁ¢ÐÔ±ê×¼¡£ÕýÊÇÔÚÕâ¸öÏÞ¶¨µÄÒâÒåÉϽ²£»ÎÒ¸öÈËÒÔΪ£»¹þÒ®¿Ë¡°Éç»áÖÈÐò¹æÔò¶þÔª¹Û¡±µÄ½¨¹¹ÓëÆä¡°¹æÔò¡±Ñо¿·¶Ê½µÄÏà½áºÏ£»²»½öΪÎÒÃÇÈÏÕæ˼¿¼ÄÚ²¿ÖÈÐòËù×ñѵÄÄÚ²¿¹æÔòÈçºÎ·ÖÁ¢ÓÚ×éÖ¯£¨°üÀ¨Õþ¸®£©¹æÔòÒÔ¼°ÈËÃÇÈçºÎÉ趨¸÷ÖÖ×éÖ¯£¨°üÀ¨Õþ¸®£©µÄȨÁ¦·¶Î§¼°Íⲿ¹æÔòµÄÊÊÓ÷¶Î§µÈÎÊÌâÈ·Á¢ÁËÒ»¸ö¼«¾ßÖúÒæµÄ·¾¶£»¶øÇÒÒ²ÔÚ¸üÉî¿ÌµÄ²ãÃæÉÏΪÎÒÃÇÀí½âºÍ½âÊͳ¤ÆÚÀ§ÈÅѧÈ˵ġ°¹ú¼ÒÐж¯Óë×ÔÉú×Ô·¢ÖÈÐò¡±Õâ¸öÀíÂÛÎÊÌ⿪·Å³öÁËijÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£»ÒòΪËûµÄÀí·Ã÷È·ÒªÇóÎÒÃÇÔÚÈÏʶµ½Î©ÓÐÕþ¸®²Å¿ÉÄܽ«Íⲿ¹æÔòÀ©Õ¹ÊÊÓÃÓÚ×ÔÉú×Ô·¢ÖÈÐòµÄÇ°ÌáÏ£»¸ù¾ÝÕþ¸®ÔÚ×ÔÉú×Ô·¢ÖÈÐòÖÐÐÐÊÂʱËù×ñѵľßÌå¹æÔòÖ®ÐÔÖʶÔÕþ¸®Ðж¯×ö¾ßÌåµÄ·ÖÎöºÍ̽¾¿£»¶ø²»Äܽö¸ù¾ÝÕþ¸®ÊÇ·ñ²ÎÓë×ÔÉú×Ô·¢ÖÈÐòÖ®Ð͹¹µÄÐж¯±¾ÉíÀ´Ô޳ɻò·´¶ÔÕþ¸®Ðж¯¡£
×îºó£»ÎÒ»¹ÊÇÒªÖ¸³ö£»±¾ÎĶԹþÒ®¿Ë·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛËù×öµÄÌÖÂÛ£»Ò»Èç±¾ÎĵıêÌâËùʾ£»Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öµ¼ÂÛÐԵĻòÇ°ÌáÐÔµÄÆÀ×¢£»Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£»¹þÒ®¿ËµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ¼«Îªºê´ó£»ËùÉæÀíÂÛÎÊÌâÒ²Ï൱·±¸´£»µ±È»²»ÊDZ¾ÎÄÔÚÕâÀïÄܹ»Ò»Ò»×ö³öÏ꾡²ûÊ͵ģ»ÀýÈ磺¹þÒ®¿Ë´Ó¡°·¨µä·¨¡±Ïò¡°ÆÕͨ·¨¡±·¨Öιú¢Ùת»»µÄ¹ý³ÌºÍÒâÒå¡¢¹þÒ®¿ËÔÚ·¨ÂÉÓÐЧÐÔµÄÎÊÌâÉϼȷ´¶ÔΨÀíÖ÷Òå×ÔÈ»·¨ÓÖ³¹µ×ÅúÅз¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷Òå¢Ú¹þÒ®¿Ë·¨ÖÎÔÔòµÄÒ»°ãÐÔ¾¿¾¹ÊÇ¡°ÐÎʽµÄ¡±ÒÖ»òÊÇ¡°ÊµÖʵġ±µÈÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£»ÎÒÏàÐŲ»Í¬µÄ¶ÁÕ߸ù¾Ý¸÷×ÔµÄÁ¢³¡ºÍÎÊÌâÒâʶ£»Ò»¶¨Äܹ»ÔÚÔĶÁ¹þÒ®¿ËÕⲿÖø×÷ºÍÀí½âËûµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛµÄʱºò¶Á³ö¸ü¶àµÄÒâÒå¡£
¢Ù¹ØÓÚ¹þÒ®¿ËµÄ·¨ÖιÛÎÊÌ⣻¼«Îª·±¸´£»Æä¼äÖÁÉÙ¾ÀúÁË´Ó1960Ä꡶×ÔÓÉÖÈÐòÔÀí¡·Ò»ÊéÖÐËùÈ·Á¢µÄÐÎʽÔÔòºÍ¡°·¨µä·¨¡±·¨ÖιÛÏò´ËºóËùνµÄÐÎʽÓëʵÖÊÏà½áºÏµÄÒ»°ãÐÔÔÔòºÍ¡°ÆÕͨ·¨¡±·¨Öι۵Äת»¯¹ý³Ì£»Îª´ËÓ¢¹úµ±´ú×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåÕÜѧ¼ÒJ¡£Gray³Æ¹þÒ®¿ËµÄ·¨ÖιÛΪ¡°ÆÕͨ·¨·¨Öιú¡±£¨amon¡lawRechtsstaat£©ÀíÂÛ£¨Çë²Î¼ûJohnGray£»HayekonLiberty£»Oxford£»1984£»p¡£69£©£»¶ø¹ØÓÚ¹þÒ®¿Ë¡°ÆÕͨ·¨·¨Öιú¡±µÄ¹Ûµã£»ÕâÀï¿ÉÒÔÌ×Óþ¼Ãѧ¼ÒArthurShenfieldÔÚ¹þÒ®¿Ë»ñµÃ1974Äêŵ±´¶û¾¼Ãѧ½±Ê±¶ÔËûµÄ¡°·¨Öιۡ±Ëù×öµÄ½ÏΪ¼òÃ÷µÄÌÖÂÛ£»ËûÈÏΪ¹þÒ®¿ËµÄ¡°·¨Öιۡ±²û·¢ÁËËĸö»ù±¾ÃüÌ⣺¡°µÚÒ»£»×÷ΪÉç»áÖ®¾Î³µÄÖÖÖÖÖƶÈÔ´³öÓÚÈËÖ®Ðж¯¶ø·ÇÔ´³öÓÚÈËÖ®Éè¼Æ£»Òò´Ë£»³¢ÊÔÈ¥Éè¼ÆÉç»áµÄŬÁ¦»áÖÂÃüÉ˺¦Éç»áµÄ½¡¿µ·¢Õ¹¡£µÚ¶þ£»ÔÚÒ»¸ö×ÔÓɵÄÉç»áÖУ»·¨ÂÉ»ù±¾ÉÏÊDZ»·¢ÏֵĶø·Ç±»´´ÖƵģ»Òò´Ë£»·¨ÂÉͨ³£À´½²²¢²»Ö»ÊÇͳÖÎÕßµÄÒâÖ¾£»¶ø²»ÂÛͳÖÎÕßÊǾýÍõ»¹ÊÇÃñÖ÷µÄ¶àÊý¡£µÚÈý£»·¨Öβ»½öÊÇ×ÔÓÉÉç»áµÄÊ×ÒªÇÒ¸ù±¾µÄÔÔò£»¶øÇÒÒ²ÒÀÀµÓÚÉÏÊöÁ½¸öÌõ¼þÖ®ÉÏ¡£µÚËÄ£»·¨ÖÎÒªÇóƽµÈµØ¶Ô´ýËùÓеÄÈË£»µ«ÊÇËüÈ´²»½ö²»ÒªÇóÒÔÈËΪµÄ·½Ê½ÆÈʹÈËƽµÈ£»¶øÇÒÈÏΪÕâÖÖÈËΪƽµÈµÄŬÁ¦»á´Ý»Ù·¨ÖΡ±£»¼ûArthurShenfield£»¡°FricedrichA¡£Hayek£ºNobelPrizewinner¡±£»inF¡£Machlup£»ed¡££»EssaysonHayek£»Routledge&KeganPaul£»1977£»p¡£176¡£
ÔÙÕߣ»ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£»¹þÒ®¿Ë·¨ÖιÛÕâÒ»¼«ÎªÖØÒªµÄת»¯£»ÔÚ²¿·ÖÉÏÊÇÓÉBrunoLeoniÓÚ1961Äê³ö°æµÄÅúÅйþÒ®¿Ë1955Ä꿪ÂÞÑݽ²Öеķ¨Öι۵ÄFreedomandtheLawÒ»Ê飨LosAngeles£ºNashPublishing£»1961£©´Ù³ÉµÄ¡£¾ÍÎÒ¶Ô¹þÒ®¿ËÂÛÖøµÄÔĶÁºÍÑо¿½á¹û±íÃ÷£»¹þÒ®¿ËÔÚ1960ÄêÒÔºó³ö°æµÄËùÓÐÂÛÖøÖÐûÓÐÎÄ×Ö±íÃ÷ËûÊÇÔÚLeoniÕⲿÖø×÷µÄÓ°ÏìϸıäÆä¹ÛµãµÄ£»µ«ÊÇÖµµÃÎÒÃÇ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£»ÔÚ1962Äê4ÔÂ4ÈÕÖÂLeoniµÄÐź¯ÖУ»¹þÒ®¿ËÈ´Ã÷È·Ö¸³ö£»Ëû²»½öΪLeoni¡¶×ÔÓÉÓë·¨ÂÉ¡·Ò»ÊéµÄ³ö°æ¸Ðµ½¸ßÐË£»¶øÇÒ¸ÃÊéÒ²¸øÓèÁËËûÒÔеĹ۵㣻¹þÒ®¿ËÔÚ¼òÂÔÌÖÂÛÁËÕâЩ¹ÛµãÒÔºóÉõÖÁÖ¸³ö£»ËûÏ£ÍûÔÚÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ¡¶·¨ÂÉ¡¢Á¢·¨Óë×ÔÓÉ¡·µÄ¡°Ð¡Ê顱£¨alittlepamphlet£©ÖÐÌá³öÕâЩÎÊÌ⣨²Î¼ûHayektoLeoni£»4April£»1962£»inHayekarchive£»HooverInstitution£»77¡8ºÍLeonitoHayek£»8May£»1963£»inHayekarchive£»HooverInstitution£»77¡9£©¡£¹ØÓÚLeoniËù׫µÄFreedomandtheLawÒ»Êé¶Ô¹þÒ®¿Ë·¨Öι۵ãµÄÓ°Ï죻ҲÇë²Î¼ûJohnGray£»HayekonLiberty£»Oxford£»1984£»p¡£68¡69£»T¡£G¡£Palmer£»¡°FreedomandtheLaw£ºAmentonProfessorAranson'sArticle¡¨£»HarvardJournalofLawandPublicPolicy£»11£¨3£©£»summer£»1988£»p¡£716£»n¡£121£»JeremyShearmur£»HayekandAfter£ºHayekianLiberalismasaResearchProgramme£»London£ºRoutledge£»1996£»pp¡£87¡92¡£
¢ÚÒ»°ãÂÛÕßÌرðÈÝÒ׸ù¾Ý·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛÖеĵäÐͽç·Ö·½Ê½£»Òò¹þÒ®¿ËµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ·´¶Ô·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷Òå¶ø½«Ëü¹éÈë×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛ´«Í³Ö®ÖУ»ÕâÏÔÈ»ÊÇÔÚºöÂÔÁ˹þÒ®¿Ë¶Ô×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛËù×öµÄÅúÅеÄÇéÊÆÏÂËù´ïÖµĹ۵㡣ΪÁË˵Ã÷Õâ¸öÎÊÌ⣻ÎÒÔÚÕâÀï½öÕ÷Òý¹þÒ®¿Ë±¾È˵ÄÒ»¶ÎÉêÃ÷£»¡°ÎÒÃÇÔÚÕâÀïËùº´ÎÀµÄ·¨ÂɵĽø»¯ÂÛÑо¿½ø·£»Òò´Ë²»½öÓë·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåºÁÎÞ¹´Á¬£»¶øÇÒÒ²ÓëΨÀíÖ÷ÒåµÄ×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛºÁÎÞ¹Øϵ¡£Ëü²»½ö·´¶Ô°Ñ·¨ÂɽâÊÍΪһ³¬×ÔÈ»Á¦Á¿µÄ½¨¹¹£»¶øÇÒÒ²·´¶Ô°Ñ·¨ÂɽâÊÍΪÈκÎÈËÖ®ÐÄÖǵĿÌÒ⽨¹¹¡£ÕâÖÖ½ø·Òò´ËÔÚÈκÎÒâÒåÉ϶¼²»¾ÓÓÚ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÓë´ó¶àÊý×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛÖ®¼ä£»¶øÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öά¶ÈÉÏÓëÈκÎÒ»Õ߶¼²»Ïàͬ£»ÔÙÕߣ»Õâ¸öά¶È»¹Óë×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛÓë·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷Òå±Ë´ËÖ®²»Í¬µÄÄǸöά¶ÈÒ²²»Ïàͬ¡±£¨Hayek£»Law£»LegislationandLiberty£ºTheMirageofSocialJustice£¨II£©£»TheUniversityofChicagoPress£»1976£»pª±60£©£»´ËÍ⣻ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£»¹þÒ®¿ËÉõÖÁÈÏΪ·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¡°ÒâʶÐÎ̬¡±£»Îª´ËËûÔÚ1976ÄêµÄÖø×÷ÖÐרÃÅ¿ª±ÙÒ»½ÚÒÔ¡°·¨ÂÉʵ֤Ö÷ÒåµÄÒâʶÐÎ̬¡±ÎªÌâ¶ÔÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ×öÁËÏ꾡µÄÌÖÂÛ£»Çë²Î¼ûHayek£»Law£»LegislationandLiberty£ºTheMirageofSocialJustice£¨II£©£»TheUniversityofChicagoPress£»1976£»pp¡£44¡47£»ÔÙÕߣ»¹þÒ®¿ËËùÅúÅеÄ×ÔÈ»·¨Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÖ¸17ÊÀ¼ÍÕ¼¾ÝÖ§ÅäµØλµÄ¡°Î¨ÀíÖ÷Òå×ÔÈ»·¨ÀíÂÛ´«Í³¡±£»¶ø·ÇÒ»°ãÒâÒåÉϵÄ×ÔÈ»·¨£»¹ØÓÚÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣻ҲÇë²Î¼û±¾ÎÄ×¢ÊÍ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µÚÒ»¾í¡¡¹æÔòÓëÖÈÐò
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
ÎÒÈÏΪ£¬°Ñ¡°·¨ÂÉ¡¢Á¢·¨Óë×ÔÓÉ¡±Õâ¸ö×ܱêÌâËùÖ¸³ÆµÄÅÓ´óÖ÷Ìâ·Ö³ÉÈý¾íÀ´ÌÖÂۻ᷽±ãһЩ£¬¶ø¡°¹æÔòÓëÖÈÐò¡±£¨RulesandOrder£©±ãÊÇÆäÖеĵÚÒ»¾í¡£°´ÕÕ±¾Êé¡°µ¼ÂÛ¡±ÖÐËù¹´ÀÕµÄ×ÜÌå׫д¹æ»®£¬±¾ÊéµÚ¶þ¾í½«ÌÖÂÛ¡°Éç»áÕýÒåµÄ»ÃÏó¡±£¨TheMirageofSocialJustice£©£¬µÚÈý¾íÔò̽¾¿¡°×ÔÓÉÉç»áµÄÕþÖÎÖÈÐò¡±£¨ThePoliticalOrderofaFreePeople£©¡£ÓÉÓÚµÚ¶þ¾íºÍµÚÈý¾íµÄ²Ý¸åÒѾд³É£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÏ£ÍûÄܹ»ÔÚ²»¾ÃµÄ½«À´±ãɱÇàËüÃÇ¡£Èç¹ûÓжÁÕß¼±ÓÚÖªµÀ±¾¾íÂÛ±çÔÚºóÁ½¾íÖеÄÕ¹¿ª¹ý³Ì£¬ÄÇôËûÔÚÔĶÁ±¾¾íµÄͬʱҲ¿ÉÒÔ²ÎÔÄÎÒÔÚ¹¹Ë¼±¾ÊéµÄÂþ³¤ËêÔÂÖÐËù·¢±íµÄһϵÁÐÔ¤±¸ÐÔÑо¿ÂÛÎÄ£¬²¢´ÓÖлñÖÂijÖÖÌáʾ¡£ÕâЩԤ±¸ÐÔÑо¿ÂÛÎÄ£¬²¿·ÖÊÕ¼ÔÚÎÒÓÚ1967Äê³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÕÜѧ¡¢ÕþÖÎѧºÍ¾¼ÃѧµÄÑо¿¡·£¨StudiesinPhilosophy£¬PoliticsandEconomics£¬LondonandChicago£¬1967£©ÂÛÎļ¯Ö®ÖУ¬¶ø¸üΪÍêÕûµÄÎÄÏ×ÔòÇë²Î¼ûÎÒÓÚ1969Äê³ö°æµÄµÂÎÄ°æÂÛÖøFreiburgerStudien£¨T¨¹bingen£¬1969£©¡£
ÔÚÕâÀҪÁоٳöÔÚÎÒ׫дÕⲿÖø×÷µÄÊ®Äêʱ¼äÀïÓø÷ÖÖ·½Ê½°ïÖú¹ýÎÒµÄÿһ¸öÈË£¬²¢ÏòËûÃDZíʾлÒ⣬ÊDz»Ì«¿ÉÄܵġ£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÈ´±ØÐëÏòÖ¥¼Ó¸ç´óѧµÄ°£µÂΡ¤Âó¿ËÀ³Â×£¨EdwinMcClellan£©½ÌÊÚÖÂÒÔÌرðµÄлÒâ¡£Ò»ÈçÇ°´ËÒ»°ã£¬ËûÓÖÒ»´Î²»ÑáÆä·³µØ¶Ô±¾ÊéµÄÎÄ×Ö½øÐÐÁËÈóÉ«²¢Ê¹ÎҵIJûÊö±äµÃ¸üΪ¿É¶Á£¬¶øÕâʵÊÇÎÒ±¾È˵ÄÄÜÁ¦Ëù²»¼°µÄ¡£¶ÔÓÚËûËù×öµÄ´ËÒ»¼«¸»Í¬ÇéÐĵŤ×÷£¬ÎÒ±íʾÉîÉîµÄ¸Ðл£»²»¹ý£¬Ó¦µ±¸½¼Ó˵Ã÷µÄÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÔÚËû¶ÔÎҵIJݸåÈóÉ«Ö®ºó£¬ÎÒÓÖ¶ÔÎĸå×öÁ˽øÒ»²½µÄÐ޸ģ¬ËùÒÔ£¬±¾Ê鶨¸åÖпÉÄÜ´æÔÚµÄÈκÎȱÏݶ¼Ó¦µ±ÓÉÎÒ±¾È˸ºÔð¶ø¾ø²»Ó¦µ±ÓÉËûÀ´¸ºÔð¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µÚÒ»¾í¡¡¹æÔòÓëÖÈÐò
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄ·½Ê½ËƺõÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£ºÈËÀàµÄ¾«Ó¢ÐëÒâʶµ½ÈËÖ®ÐÄÖÇÊÇÓоÖÏ޵ģ»¶ø´ËÒ»ÈÏʶ¼ÈÊ®·ÖƽʵÓÖÊ®·ÖÉî¿Ì£»¼ÈÊ®·ÖÇ«±°ÓÖÊ®·Ö¸ß¹ó£»¾Ý´Ë£»Î÷·½ÎÄÃ÷²ÅÄÜ˳ӦÓÚËüËù¾ßÓеIJ»¿É±ÜÃâµÄÄÇЩ²»ÀûÌõ¼þ¡£
¡ª¡ªG¡£·ÑÀ×ÂÞ¢Ù
¢ÙGuglielmoFerrero£»ThePrinciplesofPower£¨NewYork£»1942£©£»p¡£318¡£Õâ¶ÎÒýÎĵĿªÍ·ÊÇÕâÑùдµÄ£º¡°ÖÈÐòÄËÊÇÈËÀàËù½øÐеÄÀàËÆÓÚÎ÷Î÷¸¥Ë¹ÀÍ×÷µÄÎÞÐÝÎÞÖ¹µÄ¿àÒÛ£»ÒòΪÈËÀàʼÖÕÓëËü´¦ÓÚÒ»ÖÖDZÔڵijåͻ״̬֮ÖС¡¡±
µ±ÃϵÂ˹ð¯ºÍ¡¶ÃÀ¹úÏÜ·¨¡·µÄ´´ÖÆÕßÃÇÖÂÁ¦ÓÚ²ûÃ÷ÄǸöÆðÔ´ÓÚÓ¢¸ñÀ¼µÄÏÞÖÆÐÔÏÜ·¨£¨limitingconstitution£©¢ÙµÄ¹ÛÄî¢ÚµÄʱºò£»ËûÃÇʵ¼ÊÉÏÒ²¾ÍΪ×Ô´ËÒÔ½µµÄ×ÔÓÉÏÜÕþ£¨liberalconstitutionalism£©µì¶¨ÁËÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÒÔ·ÂЧµÄģʽ¡£ËûÃǵÄÄ¿µÄ£»Ö÷ÒªÔÚÓÚΪ¸öÈË×ÔÓÉÌṩÖƶÈÐÔ±£ÕÏ£»¶øËûÃÇËùÐÅÀµµÄÊÖ¶ÎÔòÊÇȨÁ¦·ÖÁ¢£¨theseparationofpowers£©¡£È»¶ø£»¾ÍÎÒÃÇËùÖªµÄÁ¢·¨¡¢Ë¾·¨ºÍÐÐÕþÈýȨ·ÖÁ¢µÄÖƶÈÀ´¿´£»È¨Á¦·ÖÁ¢ÕâÖÖÊֶβ¢Ã»ÓÐʵÏÖËüÔ±¾Ö¼ÔÚ´ïÖµÄÄ¿µÄ£»ÒòΪ¸÷¹úÕþ¸®ÀûÓÃÏÜ·¨ÊÖ¶ÎËùÉãÈ¡µÄȨÁ¦£»Ç¡Ç¡ÊÇÃϵÂ˹ð¯ºÍ¡¶ÃÀ¹úÏÜ·¨¡·µÄ´´ÖÆÕßÃÇÈÏΪ²»ÄÜÓÉÕþ¸®ÏíÓеÄȨÁ¦¡£ÏÔ¶øÒ×¼û£»ÈËÃÇÔËÓÃÏÜ·¨±£ÕϸöÈË×ÔÓɵÄÕâÒ»×î³õ³¢ÊÔʧ°ÜÁË¡£
¢ÙÓйØlimtingconstitutionÒ»ÊõÓïµÄ·Ò룻ººÓïÊÀ½çÒ»°ã¶¼¸ù¾Ý¡®ÓÐÏÞ¡±Õþ¸®£¨limitedgovernment£©µÄÒë·¨¶øÏàÓ¦µØÒë×÷¡°ÓÐÏÞ¡±ÏÜ·¨£»¾¡¹ÜÔÚ18¡«19ÊÀ¼Í£»Ò»Èç¹þÒ®¿ËËùÖ¸³öµÄ£»limitingconstitutionÓëlimitedconstitutionÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ»¥»»Ê¹Óõģ¨²Î¼û×¢ÊÍ¢Ú£©£»µ«ÊǾÍÎÒ¸öÈ˶ԹþÒ®¿Ë×ÔÓÉÖ÷ÒåÀíÂÛµÄÀí½â£»ÎÒÈÏΪ½«linitiongconstitutionÒë×÷¡°ÓÐÏÞÏÜ·¨¡±»áÒýÆðÀí½âÉϵĻìÏý»òÎóµ¼£»ÒòΪ¸ÃÊõÓïµÄ»ù±¾º¬Òå²¢²»ÊÇ˵¡°ÏÜ·¨¡±ÒªÊܵ½ÏÞÖÆ£»¶øÊÇ˵¡°ÏÜ·¨¡±ÒªÏÞÖÆȨÁ¦£»Ì×ÓùþÒ®¿Ë±¾È˵Ä˵·¨£»ÏÜ·¨±ØÐëÏÞÖÆÕþ¸®È¨Á¦£»·ñÔò¡°Ò»ÖÖʹȫÖÇÈ«ÄܵÄÕþ¸®³ÉΪ¿ÉÄܵÄÏÜ·¨¾¿¾¹»¹¾ßÓÐʲô×÷ÓÃÄØ¡±£¨²Î¼û±¾Êéµ¼ÂÛµÚ2Ò³£©£¿¾Ý´Ë£»ÎÒÃÇÄâ²ÉÓá°ÏÞÖÆÐÔÏÜ·¨¡±Õâ¸öÒë·¨¡£¡ª¡ªµË×¢
¢ÚÔÚ18ÊÀ¼ÍÓë19ÊÀ¼Í¹ã·ºÊ¹ÓÃÇÒÑÓÓÃÒѾõĶÌÓïÊÇLimitedconstitution£»µ«ÔÚÔçÆÚµÄÎÄÏ×ÖУ»Å¼¶ûÒ²³öÏÖ¹ýLimitingconstitutionµÄÓ÷¨¡£
ÏÜÕþÒâÖ¸ÓÐÏÞÕþ¸®£¨limitedgovernment£©¡£¢Ùµ«ÊÇ£»¶ÔÓÚÏÜÕþµÄÖîÏͳÂÛʽËù×öµÄ½âÊÍ£»È´Ê¹ÈËÃÇÓпÉÄÜ°ÑÕâЩÏÜÕþÂÛʽÓëÒ»ÖÖÃñÖ÷¹ÛÄîµ÷ºÍÆðÀ´£»ÒÀÕÕÕâÖÖÃñÖ÷¹ÛÄÏÜÕþÄËÊÇÖ¸Ò»ÖÖ¶àÊýÒâÖ¾£¨thewillofthemajority£©ÔÚÈκÎÌض¨ÎÊÌâÉ϶¼²»ÊÜÏÞÖƵÄÕþ¸®ÐÎʽ¡£¢ÚÒò´Ë£»ÓÐÂÛÕßÒÑÈ»ÑÏËàµØÖ¸³ö£»ÔÚÏÖ´úÕþ¸®¹ÛÄîÖУ»ÏÜ·¨ÄËÊÇÒ»ÖÖ²»¾ßÓÐÈκεØλµÄ¹ýʱµÄ²Ð´æÎï¡£¢ÛµÄÈ·£»Ò»ÖÖʹȫÖÇÈ«ÄܵÄÕþ¸®£¨omnipotentgovernment£©³ÉΪ¿ÉÄܵÄÏÜ·¨¾¿¾¹»¹¾ßÓÐʲô×÷ÓÃÄØ£¿ÄѵÀÏÜ·¨µÄ×÷Óýö½öÔÚÓÚʹÕþ¸®Ë³ÀûÇÒÓÐЧµØÔËת£»¶ø²»¹ÜËüÃǵÄÄ¿µÄÊÇʲôÂð£¿
¢Ù²Î¼ûK¡£C¡£Wheare£»ModernConstitution£»revisededition£¨Oxford£»1960£©£»p¡£202£º¡°£§ÏÜ·¨£§±³ºóÒþº¬µÄÔ³õ¹ÛÄÄËÊÇÏÞÖÆÕþ¸®µÄ¹ÛÄ²¢ÇÒÒ²ÊÇÒªÇóͳÖÎÕß×ñÊØ·¨ÂÉÓë¹æÔòµÄ¹ÛÄ£»Ò²Çë²Î¼ûCH¡£McIlwain£»Constitutionalism£ºAncientandModern£»revisededition£¨Ithaca£»N¡£Y¡££»1958£©p¡£21£º¡°´Ó¶¨ÒåÉÏ¿´£»Ò»ÇÐÁ¢ÏÜÕþ¸®¶¼ÊÇÓÐÏÞÕþ¸®¡¡ÏÜÕþ¾ßÓÐÒ»¸ö¸ù±¾µÄÐÔÖÊ£ºÏÜÕþÄËÊǶÔÕþ¸®Ê©¼ÓµÄÒ»ÖÖ·¨ÂÉÏÞÖÆ£»ÏÜÕþÄËÊÇרºáͳÖεķ´ÃüÌ⣻ÏÜÕþµÄ¶ÔÁ¢ÃæÊÇרÖÆÕþ¸®£»¼´í§ÒâÍýΪµÄÕþ¸®¡±£»C¡£J¡£Friedrich£»ConstitutionalGovernmentandDemocracy£¨Boston£»1941£©£»ÌرðÊǵÚ131Ò³£»ÔÚÄÇÀïÏÜ·¨±»¶¨ÒåΪ¡°½èÒÔÓÐЧԼÊøÕþ¸®Ðж¯µÄ³ÌÐò¡±¡£
¢Ú²Î¼ûRichardWollheim£»¡°AParadoxinthetheoryofdemocracy¡±£»inPeterLaslettandW¡£G¡£Runciman£¨eds£©£»Philosophy£»PoliticsandSociety£»secondseries£¨Oxford£»1962£©£»p¡£72£º¡°ÏÖ´úµÄÃñÖ÷¹ÛÄîÄËÊÇÓйØÕâÑùÒ»ÖÖÕþ¸®Ä£Ê½µÄ¹ÛÄÔÚÕâһģʽÖУ»¶ÔͳÖλú¹¹Î´Ê©¼ÓÈκÎÏÞÖÆ¡±¡£
¢Û²Î¼ûGeorgeBurdeau£»¡°UneSurvivance£ºlanotiondeconstitution¡±£»inL'EvolutiondudroitPublic£»¨¦tudesoffertes¨¢AchilleMestre£¨Paris£»1956£©¡£
ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£»ÎÒÃǶÔÕâÑùÒ»¸öÎÊÌâ½øÐÐ×·ÎʾÍÏԵü«ÎªÖØÒªÁË£»¼´Èç¹û×ÔÓÉÏÜÕþµÄµÞÔìÕßÃǽñÌ컹»î×Å£»¶øÇÒÔÚÒÀ¾É×ñÑ×ÅËûÃÇÔø×·ÇóµÄÄ¿±êµÄͬʱÓÖÕÆÎÕ×ÅÎÒÃÇÒµÒÑ»ýÀÛÆðÀ´µÄÈ«²¿¾Ñ飻ÄÇôËûÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»áÈçºÎÐÐÊÂÄØ£¿´ÓÒѾ¹ýÈ¥µÄÁ½°ÙÄêµÄÀúÊ·ÖУ»ÎÒÃÇÓ¦µ±Ñ§µ½ÁËÐí¶à¶«Î÷£»¶øÕâЩ¶«Î÷ÄËÊÇÄÇÐ