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a defence of poesie and poems-第20部分

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{63}  The chief objections。

{64}  That time might be better spent。

{65}  Beg the question。

{66}  That poetry is the mother of lies。

{67}  That poetry is the nurse of abuse; infecting us with wanton and pestilent desires。

{68}  Rampire; rampart; the Old French form of 〃rempart;〃 was 〃rempar;〃 from 〃remparer;〃 to fortify。

{69}  〃I give him free leave to be foolish。〃  A variation from the line (Sat。 I。 i。 63); 〃Quid facias illi? jubeas miserum esse libenter。〃

{70}  That Plato banished poets from his ideal Republic。

{71}  Which authority certain barbarous and insipid writers would wrest into meaning that poets were to be thrust out of a state。

{72}  Ion is a rhapsodist; in dialogue with Socrates; who cannot understand why it is that his thoughts flow abundantly when he talks of Homer。  〃I can explain;〃 says Socrates; 〃your talent in expounding Homer is not an art acquired by system and method; otherwise it would have been applicable to other poets besides。  It is a special gift; imparted to you by Divine power and inspiration。 The like is true of the poet you expound。  His genius does not spring from art; system; or method:  it is a special gift emanating from the inspiration of the Muses。  A poet is light; airy; holy person; who cannot compose verses at all so long as his reason remains within him。  The Muses take away his reason; substituting in place of it their own divine inspiration and special impulse 。 。 。 Like prophets and deliverers of oracles; these poets have their reason taken away; and become the servants of the gods。  It is not they who; bereft of their reason; speak in such sublime strains; it is the god who speaks to us; and speaks through them。〃  George Grote; from whose volumes on Plato I quote this translation of the passage; placed 〃Ion〃 among the genuine dialogues of Plato。

{73}  Guards; trimmings or facings。

{74}  The Second Summary。

{75}  Causes of Defect in English Poetry。

{76}  From the invocation at the opening of Virgil's AEneid (line 12); 〃Muse; bring to my mind the causes of these things:  what divinity was injured 。 。 。 that one famous for piety should suffer thus。〃

{77}  The Chancellor; Michel de l'Hopital; born in 1505; who joined to his great political services (which included the keeping of the Inquisition out of France; and long labour to repress civil war) great skill in verse。  He died in 1573。

{78}  Whose heart…strings the Titan (Prometheus) fastened with a better clay。  (Juvenal; Sat。 xiv。 35)。  Dryden translated the line; with its context …

〃Some sons; indeed; some very few; we see Who keep themselves from this infection free; Whom gracious Heaven for nobler ends designed; Their looks erected; and their clay refined。〃

{79}  The orator is made; the poet born。

{80}  What you will; the first that comes。

{81}  〃Whatever I shall try to write will be verse。〃  Sidney quotes from memory; and adapts to his context; Tristium IV。 x。 26。

〃Sponte sua carmen numeros veniebat ad aptos; Et quod temptabam dicere; versus erat。〃

{82}  HIS for 〃its〃 here as throughout; the word 〃its〃 not being yet introduced into English writing。

{83}  Defects in the Drama。  It should be remembered that this was written when the English drama was but twenty years old; and Shakespeare; aged about seventeen; had not yet come to London。  The strongest of Shakespeare's precursors had not yet begun to write for the stage。  Marlowe had not yet written; and the strength that was to come of the freedom of the English drama had yet to be shown。

{84}  There was no scenery on the Elizabethan stage。

{85}  Messenger。

{86}  From the egg。

{87}  Bias; slope; French 〃biais。〃

{88}  Juvenal; Sat。 iii。; lines 152…3。  Which Samuel Johnson finely paraphrased in his 〃London:〃

〃Of all the griefs that harass the distrest; Sure the most bitter is a scornful jest。〃

{89}  George Bachanan (who died in 1582; aged seventy…six) had written in earlier life four Latin tragedies; when Professor of Humanities at Bordeaux; with Montaigne in his class。

{90}  Defects in Lyric Poetry。

{91}  Defects in Diction。  This being written only a year or two after the publication of 〃Euphues;〃 represents that style of the day which was not created but represented by the book from which it took the name of 〃Euphuism。〃

{92}  Nizolian paper…books; are commonplace books of quotable passages; so called because an Italian grammarian; Marius Nizolius; born at Bersello in the fifteenth century; and one of the scholars of the Renaissance in the sixteenth; was one of the first producers of such volumes。  His contribution was an alphabetical folio dictionary of phrases from Cicero:  〃Thesaurus Ciceronianus; sive Apparatus Linguae Latinae e scriptis Tullii Ciceronis collectus。〃

{93}  〃He lives and wins; nay; comes to the Senate; nay; comes to the Senate;〃 &c。

{94}  Pounded。  Put in the pound; when found astray。

{95}  Capacities of the English Language。

{96}  Metre and Rhyme。

{97}  Last Summary and playful peroration







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