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7。 Place the stop for your short position today at a multiple of yesterday’s Average Upside Penetration above yesterday’s high。 Multiply yesterday’s Average Upside Penetration by a selected coefficient; starting at 2 but testing as high as 3; and add the result to yesterday’s high to obtain today’s stop。 Go to cell Q14; enter the formula =B13+2·P13; and copy it down the length of that column。 It will place a stop two Average Upside Penetrations above yesterday’s high。 If today’s high shoots above yesterday’s high by twice the normal amount; it hits our stop and we bail out。
8。 Refine the formula to prevent it from raising the stop during a downtrend。 If the above formula tells us to raise our stop; we simply leave it at the previous day’s level。 Go to cell R16; enter the formula =MIN(Q14:Q16); and copy it down the length of that column。 It will prevent the stop from rising for three days; by which time either the downtrend resumes or the stop is hit。
至少得到股票或期货的一个月的数据,用最高价,最低价,收盘价的格式。请看表6。1(第3行B栏是最高价)。
测试是否今天的最高价比昨天的最高价高。到表格L4,输入公式=IF(B4)B3;B4…B3;0),顺着本栏向下复制。它计算今天最高价超过昨天最高价的值,如果没有,就显示0。
选择天数,以计算上涨穿过的总和,从10天开始,以后可以测试更长的天数。到表格M13,输入公式=SUM(L4:L13),顺着本栏向下复制。它会计算上涨穿过的所有总和。
记下所有上涨穿过前一天的竹线。到表格N4,输入公式=IF(B4》B3;1;0),顺着本栏向下复制。如果穿过了,就显示1;如果没穿过,就显示0。
记下本例10天中,上涨穿过的天数。到表格O13,输入公式=SUM(N4:N13),顺着本栏向下复制。它会显示过去10天来穿过了多少次。
用上涨穿过的总和除以天数,就得到了平均上涨穿过。到表格P13,输入公式=M13/O13,顺着本栏向下复制。它显示了平均上涨穿过,是市场正常的上涨噪音。
在昨天的最高价上加上平均上涨穿过,就是止损点。把平均上涨穿过乘以一个系数,比如2,但是从3开始测试,把结果加在昨天的最高价上,就是今天的止损点。到表格Q14,输入公式=B13+2·P13,顺着本栏向下复制。它会在昨天的最高价上加上2倍平均上涨穿过,就是止损。如果今天的最高价是昨天最高价以上的2倍平均上涨穿过,我们的止损单就被执行出场了。
修改公式,防止它在下跌的市场向上移动止损。如果公式叫我们向上移动止损,我们就不动。到表格R16,输入公式=MIN(Q14:Q16),顺着本栏向下复制。它会防止连续3天向上移动止损,此时,要么继续下跌,要么止损被激活。
Figure 6。8 SafeZone Stops … Uptrend
图6。8 安全区域止损——上涨趋势
To use SafeZone with your favorite stock or future during an uptrend; begin by multiplying the average downside penetration by the factor of three; and subtracting that from the low of the latest bar。 Putting your stop closer than the average level of noise means asking for trouble; and even twice the average level is often too close。 Once your system identifies an uptrend; SafeZone starts following prices; getting you out before the trend reverses。 You can see that SafeZone stop was hit at points A; B; C; and D; catching the bulk of the uptrend and avoiding downdrafts。
在你喜欢的股票或期货上涨时使用安全区域,开始把平均下跌穿过乘以3,然后用最新的竹线最低价减去这个值。在噪音附近下止损单是自找麻烦, 一般2倍的平均下跌穿过太近了。一旦你的系统确认了上涨,安全区域开始跟踪价格,在趋势反转前让你提前出场。你能看见安全区域止损碰到了A,B,C,D点,抓住了大部分的上涨,避免了下跌。
The right edge of the chart illustrates why it is a good idea never to hold a stock below its SafeZone level。 JEC is in a free fall; wiping out the profits of a month in just two days … a trader using SafeZone cashed out early in the decline。
在图的右边说明了为什么不要在安全区域以下持有是好主意。JEC公司下跌了,2天时间把1个月的利润洗没了——使用安全区域的交易者在下跌开始的时候就兑现利润了。
SafeZone offers an original approach to placing stops。 It monitors changes in prices and adapts stops to the current levels of activity。 It places stops at individually tailored distances rather than at obvious support and resistance levels。
安全区域提供了原始的下止损单的方法。它监视价格的变化,在此水平下止损。它不会在明显的支撑区和压力区止损,而是在一般人不注意的位置止损。
SafeZone works on the way down just as well as on the way up。 Here we count each upside penetration of the previous day’s range during a selected time window and average that data to find the Average Upside Penetration。 We multiply it by a coefficient; starting with 3; and add that to the high of each bar。
在上涨和下跌时安全区域同样适用。方法是,找到一段时间以来的上涨穿过前一天的距离,取得平均数,就是平均上涨穿过。再乘以系数,从3开始,然后加到竹线的最高点。
Like all systems and indicators in this book; SafeZone is not a mechanical gadget to replace independent thought。 You have to establish the lookback period; the window of time during which SafeZone is calculated。 Do not go back beyond the last important turning point。 If the market has reversed from down to up two weeks ago; then SafeZone for the current long trades should not look back more than 10 trading days。
就像本书中的其它系统和指标一样,安全区域不能代替独立思考。你必须建立天数这个参数,也就是安全区域计算的时间段。不要超过了最近的重要反转点。如果市场在2周前从下跌反转到上涨,那么安全区域所用的天数不能超过10天。
Figure 6。9 SafeZone Stops … Downtrend
图6。9 安全区域止损——下跌趋势
Once your system identifies a downtrend; SafeZone helps you ride your short position all the way down; covering before a rally starts eating into your profits。 Notice how SafeZone rode the decline in FCEL; constantly lowering its stop; until taken out by a rally at point A。
一旦你的系统确认了下跌趋势,安全区域帮助你一路做空,在上涨开始吃掉你的利润前回补。请注意安全区域是如何在FCEL工作的,不断向下移动止损,直到在A点被反弹扫掉。
At the right edge of the chart; the downtrend continues; with SafeZone protecting a short position。 It is safe to hold shorts with a close stop。
在图的右边,继续下跌,而安全区域在保护空头仓位。做空时有止损紧跟着是安全的。
Another important decision is choosing the coefficient for the SafeZone stop。 Usually; a coefficient between two and three provides a margin of safety; but you must research it on your own market data。 Once you have done your homework and tweaked this indicator; it will bee your own private tool in the battle for survival and success in the markets。 You can add it to almost any trading system; including Triple Screen。
另外一个重要决定就是安全区域止损的系数。通常2——3能保证安全,但是你必须用自己的数据做研究。一旦你自己做了功课,调整了指标,它就会成为你的私人工具,在生存和成功的市场中帮你战斗。你可以把它加到任何系统中,包括三重滤网。
The Chandelier Exit
吊灯止损
When a trend speeds up; you may want to shift gears and ride it instead of trading swings。 Catching swings calls for tight stops; but a longer…term position demands more breathing room。 The Chandelier Exit is designed to protect such positions。
当趋势加速时,你也许希望能换挡,继续持有,而不是上下交易。上下交易需要很紧的止损,当长期趋势则需要呼吸空间。吊灯止损就是为这样的仓位设计的。
When buyers place stops; they usually count back from the lows and put stops below recent important bottoms。 When traders go short; they usually count back from the highs and place stops above the recent peaks。 The Chandelier Exit takes a different approach。 When traders are long; it hangs their stops from the highest peak reached by that trend; like a chandelier hangs from the tallest point in the room。 As prices move up; the Chandelier Exit; suspended from the highest point of that trend; also rises。 It tracks volatility as well as prices; as its distance from the peak grows with the rise in volatility。 We will review Chandelier Exits for uptrends; but you may reverse these rules and apply them to downtrends。
当买家下止损单时,通常他们回到最近的低位,在最近的重要底部下面下止损。当交易者做空时,通常他们回到最近的高位,在最近的顶峰上面下止损。吊灯止损采用不同的方法。当交易者做多时,止损从最高点挂到趋势上,就像吊灯挂在房间的最高点。当价格上涨,吊灯止损,掉在趋势的最高点,也上涨。当它随着价格上涨时,它跟踪波动。我们认为吊灯止损是上涨的,但是下跌时反之。
There is no telling how high a trend may go; and a Chandelier will rise until prices peel off from the ceiling and hit that stop。 This method; along with several others; was presented by Chuck LeBeau in our Traders’ Camp in January 2000 in the Caribbean and again in March 2001 in the Pacific。
没有说趋势要走到哪里,吊灯止损会上涨,直到价格到顶,碰到止损。这个方法和其它几个方法是我们交易者训练营的查克·勒博2000年1月在加勒比海提出的,2001年3月在太平洋又提出一次。
The Chandelier Exit draws on the concept of Average True Range; described by Welles Wilder in 1966。 The True Range is the greatest of the three figures … the distance between today’s high and low; or today’s high and yesterday’s close; or today’s low and yesterday’s close。 The True Range reflects overnight volatility by paring today’s and yesterday’s prices。
吊灯止损借用了威尔斯·韦尔德在1966年描述的真实波动幅度均值。真实波动幅度是3个数字里面最伟大的——今天最高点和最低点的距离,或是今天的最高点和昨天收盘价的距离,或是今天最低价和昨天收盘价的距离。真实波动幅度反映了今天和昨天的波动。
The True Range is included in many software packages。 The Average True Range (ATR) is obtained by averaging True Range over a period of time。 How long a period? You can begin by looking back a month; but a modern puterized trader can easily test different lookback periods for