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睄鎺ㄨ崘璇峰埌銆婂眿椤堕棿鐨勫摬瀛﹀銆嬩笓棰樼綉鍧�http：///waiwen/487/
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Preface
emilesouvestre
noonesucceedsinobtainingaprominentplaceinliterature；orinsurroundinghimselfwithafaithfulandsteadycircleofadmirersdrawnfromtheficklemassesofthepublic；unlesshepossessesoriginality；constantvariety；andadistinctpersonality。itisquitepossibletogainforamomentafewreadersbyimitatingsomeoriginalfeatureinanother；butthesesoonvanishandthewriterremainsaloneandforgotten。others；again；withoutbelongingtoanydistinctgroupofauthors；havingfoundtheirstandardinthemselves；moralistsandeducatorsatthesametime；haveobtainedundyingrecognition。
ofthelatterclass；thoughlittleknownoutsideoffrance；isemilesouvestre；whowasborninmorlaix；april15；1806；anddiedatparisjuly5；1854。hewasthesonofacivilengineer；waseducatedatthecollegeofpontivy；andintendedtofollowhisfatherscareerbyenteringthepolytechnicschool。hisfather；however；diedin1823；andsouvestrematriculatedasalaw…studentatrennes。buttheyoungstudentsoondevotedhimselfentirelytoliterature。hisfirstessay；atragedy；lesiegedemissolonghi（1828）；wasapronouncedfailure。disheartenedanddisgustedheleftparisandestablishedhimselffirstasalawyerinmorlaix。thenhebecameproprietorofanewspaper；andwasafterwardappointedaprofessorinbrestandinmulhouse。in1836hecontributedtotherevuedesdeuxmondessomesketchesoflifeinbrittany；whichobtainedabrilliantsuccess。souvestrewassoonmadeeditoroflarevuedeparis；andinconsequenceearlyfoundapublisherforhisfirstnovel；lechelledefemmes；which；aswasthecasewithhissecondwork；richeetpauvre；metwithaveryfavorablereception。hisreputationwasnowmade；andbetweenthisperiodandhisdeathhegavetofranceaboutsixtyvolumes鈥斺�攖ales；novels；essays；history；anddrama。
adoublepurposewasalwaysveryconspicuousinhisbooks：heaspiredtotheroleofamoralistandeducator；andwaslikewiseamostimpressivepainterofthelife；character；andmoralsoftheinhabitantsofbrittany。
themostsignificantofhisbooksareperhapslesderniersbretons（1835…1837；4vols。）；pierrelandais（1843；2vols。）；lefoyerbreton（1844；2vols。）；unphilosophesonslestoits；crownedbytheacademy（1850）；confessionsdunouvrier（1851）；recitsetsouvenirs（1853）；souvenirsdunvieillard（1854）；alsolabretagnepittoresque（1845）；and；finally；causerieshistoriquesetlitteraires（1854；2vols。）。hisediesdeservehonorablemention：henrihamelin；lonclebaptiste（1842）；laparisienne；lemousse；etc。in1848；souvestrewasappointedprofessorofthenewlycreatedschoolofadministration；mostlydevotedtopopularlectures。heheldthisposttill1853；lecturingpartlyinparis；partlyinswitzerland。
hisdeath；whenparativelyyoung；leftadistinctgapintheliteraryworld。alifelikehiscouldnotbeextinguishedwithoutgeneralsorrow。
althoughhewasundulymodest；andneveraspiredtotheroleofabeacon…lightinliterature；alwaysseekingtoremaininobscurity；theworksofemilesouvestremustbeplacedinthefirstrankbytheirmoralityandbytheirinstructivecharacter。theywillalwaysmandtheentirerespectandapplauseofmankind。andthusithappensthat；likemanyothers；hewasonlyfullyappreciatedafterhisdeath。
eventhoseofhisconfrereswhodidnotseemtoesteemhim；whenalive；suddenlyfoundoutthattheyhadexperiencedagreatlossinhisdemise。
theyexpresseditinemotionalpanegyrcs；contemporaneousliteraturediscoveredthatvirtuehadflownfromitsbosom；andthefrenchacademy；whichhadatitspropertimecrownedhisphilosophesonslestoitsasaworkcontributingsupremelytomorals；kepthismemorygreenbybestowingonhiswidowthe〃prixlambert；〃designedforthe〃familiesofauthorswhobytheirintegrity；andbytheprobityoftheireffortshavewelldeservedthistokenfromtherepubliquedeslettres。〃
josephbertrand
CHAPTER I
new…yearsgifts
january1st
thedayofthemonthcameintomymindassoonasiawoke。anotheryearisseparatedfromthechainofages；anddropsintothegulfofthepast！
thecrowdhastentoweleheryoungsister。butwhilealllooksareturnedtowardthefuture；minereverttothepast。everyonesmilesuponthenewqueen；but；inspiteofmyself；ithinkofherwhomtimehasjustwrappedinherwinding…sheet。thepastyear！鈥斺�攁tleastiknowwhatshewas；andwhatshehasgivenme；whilethisoneessurroundedbyalltheforebodingsoftheunknown。whatdoesshehideinthecloudsthatmantleher？isitthestormorthesunshine？justnowitrains；andifeelmymindasgloomyasthesky。ihaveaholidaytoday；butwhatcanonedoonarainyday？iwalkupanddownmyatticoutoftemper；andideterminetolightmyfire。
unfortunatelythematchesarebad；thechimneysmokes；thewoodgoesout！
ithrowdownmybellowsindisgust；andsinkintomyoldarmchair。
intruth；whyshouldirejoicetoseethebirthofanewyear？allthosewhoarealreadyinthestreets；withholidaylooksandsmilingfaces鈥斺�攄otheyunderstandwhatmakesthemsogay？dotheyevenknowwhatisthemeaningofthisholiday；orwhenceesthecustomofnew…yearsgifts？
heremymindpausestoprovetoitselfitssuperiorityoverthatofthevulgar。imakeaparenthesisinmyill…temperinfavorofmyvanity；andibringtogetheralltheevidencewhichmyknowledgecanproduce。
（theoldromansdividedtheyearintotenmonthsonly；itwasnumapompiliuswhoaddedjanuaryandfebruary。theformertookitsnamefromjanus；towhomitwasdedicated。asitopenedthenewyear；theysurroundeditsbeginningwithgoodomens；andthencecamethecustomofvisitsbetweenneighbors；ofwishinghappiness；andofnew…yearsgifts。
thepresentsgivenbytheromansweresymbolic。theyconsistedofdryfigs；dates；honeyb；asemblemsof〃thesweetnessoftheauspicesunderwhichtheyearshouldbeginitscourse；〃andasmallpieceofmoneycalledstips；whichforebodedriches。）
hereiclosetheparenthesis；andreturntomyill…humor。thelittlespeechihavejustaddressedtomyselfhasrestoredmemyself…satisfaction；butmadememoredissatisfiedwithothers。icouldnowenjoymybreakfast；buttheportresshasforgottenmymorningsmilk；andthepotofpreservesisempty！anyoneelsewouldhavebeenvexed：asforme；iaffectthemostsupremeindifference。thereremainsahardcrust；whichibreakbymainstrength；andwhichicarelesslynibble；asamanfarabovethevanitiesoftheworldandoffreshrolls。
however；idonotknowwhymythoughtsshouldgrowmoregloomybyreasonofthedifficultiesofmastication。ioncereadthestoryofanenglishmanwhohangedhimselfbecausetheyhadbroughthimhisteawithoutsugar。therearehoursinlifewhenthemosttriflingcrosstakestheformofacalamity。ourtempersarelikeanopera…glass；whichmakestheobjectsmallorgreataccordingtotheendyoulookthrough。
usually；theprospectthatopensoutbeforemywindowdelightsme。itisamountain…rangeofroofs；withridgescrossing；interlacing；andpiledononeanother；anduponwhichtallchimneysraisetheirpeaks。itwasbutyesterdaythattheyhadanalpineaspecttome；andiwaitedforthefirstsnowstormtoseeglaciersamongthem；to…day；ionlyseetilesandstoneflues。thepigeons；whichassistedmyruralillusions；seemnomorethanmiserablebirdswhichhavemistakentheroofforthebackyard；thesmoke；whichrisesinlightclouds；insteadofmakingmedreamofthepantingofvesuvius；remindsmeofkitchenpreparationsanddishwater；andlastly；thetelegraph；thatiseefaroffontheoldtowerofmontmartre；hastheeffectofavilegallowsstretchingitsarmsoverthecity。
myeyes；thushurtbyalltheymeet；falluponthegreatmanshousewhichfacesmyattic。
theinfluenceofnew…yearsdayisvisiblethere。theservantshaveanairofeagernessproportionedtothevalueoftheirnew…yearsgifts；receivedorexpected。iseethemasterofthehousecrossingthecourtwiththemoroselookofamanwhoisforcedtobegenerous；andthevisitorsincrease；followedbyshopporterswhocarryflowers；bandboxes；ortoys。suddenlythegreatgatesareopened；andanewcarriage；drawnbythoroughbredhorses；drawsupbeforethedoorsteps。theyare；withoutdoubt；thenew…yearsgiftpresentedtothemistressofthehousebyherhusband；forsheesherselftolookatthenewequipage。verysoonshegetsintoitwithalittlegirl；allstreamingwithlaces；feathersandvelvets；andloadedwithparcelswhichshegoestodistributeasnew…yearsgifts。thedoorisshut；thewindowsaredrawnup；thecarriagesetsoff。
thusalltheworldareexchanginggoodwishesandpresentsto…day。ialonehavenothingtogiveortoreceive。poorsolitary！idonotevenknowonechosenbeingforwhomimightofferaprayer。
thenletmywishesforahappynewyeargoandseekoutallmyunknownfriends鈥斺�攍ostinthemultitudewhichmurmursliketheoceanatmyfeet！
toyoufirst；hermitsincities；forwhomdeathandpovertyhavecreatedasolitudeinthemidstofthecrowd！unhappylaborers；whoarecondemnedtotoilinmelancholy；andeatyourdailybreadinsilenceanddesertion；andwhomgodhaswithdrawnfromtheintoxicatingpangsofloveandfriendship！
toyou；fonddreamers；whopassthroughlifewithyoureyesturnedtowardsomepolarstar；whileyoutreadwithindifferenceovertherichharvestsofreality！
toyou；honestfathers；wholengthenouttheeveningtomaintainyourfamilies！toyou；poorwidows；weepingandworkingbyacradle！toyou；youngmen；resolutelysettoopenforyourselvesapathinlife；largeenoughtoleadthroughitthewifeofyourchoice！toyou；allbravesoldiersofworkandofself…sacrifice！
toyou；lastly；whateveryourtitleandyourname；wholovegood；whopitythesuffering；whowalkthroughtheworldlikethesymbolicalvirginofbyzantium；withbotharmsopentothehumanrace！
hereiamsuddenlyinterruptedbyloudandincreasingchirpings。ilookaboutme：mywindowissurroundedwithsparrowspickingupthecrumbsofbreadwhichinmybrownstudyihadjustscatteredontheroof。atthissightaflashoflightbrokeuponmysaddenedheart。ideceivedmyselfjustnow；wheniplainedthatihadnothingtogive：thankstome；thesparrowsofthispartofthetownwillhav