°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
arge¡¡urban¡¡centers¡£¡¡Cities¡¡and¡¡nations¡¡could¡¡be¡¡e¡¡hostages¡£¡¡Homicide¡¡could¡¡take¡¡a¡¡new¡¡form¡£¡¡The¡¡puter¡¡may¡¡bee¡¡the¡¡hit¡¡man¡¡of¡¡the¡¡twentieth¡¡century¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛF£ÝWith¡¡the¡¡growing¡¡reliance¡¡by¡¡firms¡¡on¡¡puters¡¡for¡¡their¡¡record¡¡keeping¡¡and¡¡daily¡¡operations£¬sabotage¡¡of¡¡their¡¡puters¡¡can¡¡result¡¡in¡¡internal¡¡havoc£»¡¡after¡¡which¡¡the¡¡group¡¡interested¡¡in¡¡acquiring¡¡the¡¡firm¡¡can¡¡easily¡¡buy¡¡it¡¡at¡¡a¡¡substantially¡¡lower¡¡price¡£¡¡Criminal¡¡groups¡¡could¡¡also¡¡resort¡¡to¡¡sabotage¡¡if¡¡the¡¡pany¡¡is¡¡a¡¡petitor¡¡of¡¡a¡¡business¡¡owned¡¡or¡¡controlled¡¡by¡¡organized¡¡crime¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡´ð°¸¼°½âÎö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡´ðÌâÏßË÷£ºÉÏÏÂÎÄÒ»Ö¡£´ÓµÚÒ»¶ÎÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÁ˽⵽¼ÆËã»úм¼Êõ·¸×ïµÄÀàÐÍ¡£´Ó±¾¶ÎÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀËù˵µÄÊǼÆËã»ú»¯µÄÊý¾Ý·¸×ïÎÊÌâ¡£ÓÉ´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÍƶϳöµÚÒ»¾äÖÐÐľäËù˵µÄÓ¦¸Ã¾ÍÊǹØÓÚÊý¾Ý·¸×ïµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÄÑÑ¡³ö¸ÃÏîΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡F¡£´ðÌâÏßË÷£º¶ÎÂäÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£´Ó±¾¶ÎÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÁ˽⵽Æä´óÒâÊǼÆËã»úµÄÆÆ»µ¸øÆóÒµËù´øÀ´µÄÓ°Ïì¡£¶øÓÐЩ¹«Ë¾ÔòÀûÓÃÕâÒ»µãÀ´´ïµ½Æä²»¿É¸æÈ˵ÄÄ¿µÄ¡£Í¨¹ý±¾¶ÎµÄ´óÒ⣬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Ñ¡ÏîFÕýºÃ·ûºÏÌâÒ⣬ΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡C¡£´ðÌâÏßË÷£º¶ÎÂäÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£±¾¾äÕâ¶ÎËù¾ÙµÄÀý×Ó£º´Ý»ÙÒ»¿Õ¾ü»ùµØµÄ¼ÆËã»úÉèÊ©ºÍ´óѧ¼ÆËã»úÉèÊ©µÄ±¬Õ¨£¬ÕâЩ¶¼ÊǾßÓÐÕþÖÎÄ¿µÄÐÔµÄÆÆ»µ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÊôÓÚµÚÒ»¶ÎËù˵µÄ¡¨ÓëÕþÖÎÓйصÄÆÆ»µ¡¨¡£ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ£¬Ñ¡ÏîCµÄÒâ˼ÓëÆäÏàÒ»Ö£¬Òò´ËΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡£¡¡E¡£´ðÌâÏßË÷£º¶ÎÂäÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£Í¨¶Á±¾¾äµÄÎĶÎÄÚÈÝ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÁ˽⵽¼ÆËã»úºÜÈÝÒ×Ôâµ½·¸×OÍŵÄÆÆ»µ¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵²»¹ÜÊÇÕþ¸®µÄ¼ÆËã»ú»¹ÊÇ˽È˵ļÆËã»úϵͳ¶¼ºÜÈÝÒ×Ôâµ½¼ÆËã»ú×ï·¸µÄÆÆ»µ£¬»»Ò»¾ä»°¾ÍÊÇ˵Õþ¸®ºÍ˽È˵ļÆËã»úϵͳ¶¼»¹Ã»ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ·ÀÆÆ»µµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£Í¨¹ýÕâÑùµÄÂß¼·ÖÎö£¬ÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ²»ÄÑÑ¡³öEÏîΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡£¡¡A¡£´ðÌâÏßË÷£ºÉÏÏÂÎÄÒ»Ö¡£×ݹÛÈ«ÎÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÕûƪÎÄÕÂËù˵µÄ¶¼ÊǹØÓÚ¼ÆËã»ú¼¼Êõ·¸×ïµÄÎÊÌâ¡£¶øÔÚ×îºóÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÍƶϳö×÷ÕßÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ·¢±íÁËËû¶Ô´ËµÄ¹ÛµãºÍ¿´·¨¡£´ÓCÏîÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö×÷ÕßÌá³öÁË·¨ÖÆ»¹Ð轡ȫµÄ¹Ûµã£¬¶Ô¼ÆËã»úµÄ·¸×ïÎÒÃDz»Ó¦¸Ã»¹Í£ÁôÔÚÓô«Í³µÄ·¸×ïѧÀ´Ë¼¿¼ÎÊÌâ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ñ¡ÔñAΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÒëÎÄ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ëæ׿ÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõµÄ³öÏÖ£¬²úÉúÁËеÄÆæ¹ÖµÄ·¸×ï¡£ÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ·¸×ïÍÅ»ïÒ²Ö±½Ó²ÎÓ룺м¼ÊõΪ·¸×ïÌṩÁËÎÞÊýµÄ»ú»á£ºÈçÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢·¸×͵ÇÔ·þÎñÏîÄ¿¡¢Óë²Æ²úÓйصķ¸×ï¡¢¹¤ÒµÆÆ»µ¡¢ÓëÕþÖÎÓйصÄÆÆ»µ¡¢¶ÔÎÄ»¯µÄÆÆ»µ¡¢Õë¶Ô¸öÈ˵ķ¸×ïºÍÓë½ðÈÚÓйصķ¸×ïµÈ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÍµÇÔÊý¾Ý»òÊý¾Ý·¸×ï¡£ËüÒÑÒýÆðÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ·¸×ïÐÁµÏ¼Ó£¨¼¯ÍÅ£©µÄÐËȤ¡£Í¨³£ÕâÊÇ͵ÇÔ»ò³Ï®Õä¹óµÄ¼ÆËã»ú³ÌÐò¡£¹ØÓÚ¼ÆËã»ú»¯µÄÊý¾ÝÒÑÓÐÁ˹ú¼ÊÊг¡£¬¾Ý˵ÔÚÕâÖÖѸËÙÀ©´óµÄ·¸×ïÊг¡ÉÏרҵ»¯µÄµç×ÓÕ¤À¸Æð׏ؼü×÷Óá£ÕâÖÖµÁ°æ³ÌÐòµÄÂòÖ÷Óй«Ë¾µÄ¾ºÕù¶ÔÊÖÒ²ÓйúÍ⾺Õù¶ÔÊÖ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÆÆ»µÒ»¸ö¹«Ë¾µÄ¼ÆËã»úϵͳ¡£¸ÃÐÐΪµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÆÆ»µ»òÏ÷Èõ¹«Ë¾µÄÔËÐÐÄÜÁ¦£¬´Ó¶øʹÆäɥʧÔÚ˽ÈË»òÕþ¸®²¿ÃŵľºÕùÄÜÁ¦¡£¼ÆËã»úµÄÆÆ»µÒ²¿ÉÄÜÇ£³¶µ½¸»Ô£µÄͶ×ÊÕßÏëµÃµ½Êܺ¦¹«Ë¾µÄÆóͼ¡£ÓÉÓÚ¹«Ë¾Ô½À´Ô½¶àµØÒÀ¿¿¼ÆËã»ú½øÐмǼÖü´æºÍÈÕ³£ÔËÐУ¬¶Ô¼ÆËã»úµÄÆÆ»µ»áµ¼ÖÂÄÚ²¿´óºÆ½Ù¡£´ËºóÓÐÒâµÃµ½¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄ¼¯ÍÅ»áÒÔÏ൱µÍµÄ¼Û¸ñÇá¶øÒ׾ٵذÑËüÂòµ½ÊÖ¡£Èç¹ûÕâ¸ö¹«Ë¾ÊÇÓÉÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ·¸×²Ù×ݺͿØÖƵÄÆóÒµµÄ¶ÔÊÖ£¬Ôò¸Ã·¸×ïÍÅ»ïÒ²¿ÉÄÜÀûÓÃÆÆ»µ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÓÐÕþÖζ¯»úµÄÆÆ»µÕýÔÚÉÏÉý¡£ÔÚÿ¸ö´ó½¶¼ÐËÆðÁËÕþÖμ«¶Ë·Ö×Ó¼¯ÍÅ¡£¸´ÔӵļÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõÓÿÉŵÄÁ¦Á¿Îä×°ÁËÕâЩ¼¯ÍÅ£¬¶øÇÒ´ò¿ªÁËÐí¶à¼¼ÊõÏȽøµÄ¹ú¼ÒÈÃËûÃǹ¥»÷¡£ÎªÁË´Ý»ÙÒ»¸ö¿Õ¾ü»ùµØµÄ¼ÆËã»úÉèÊ©£¬ËûÃÇÒѽøÐÐÁ˶à´Î³¢ÊÔ¡£Óë¹ú¼Ò·ÀÎÀ¹¤×÷ÓйصÄÒ»¸ö´óѧ¼ÆËã»úÉèÊ©ÓÉÓÚÒ»´Î±¬Õ¨Ëðʧ200ÍòÃÀÔªÒÔÉÏ¡£¼ÆËã»úÂÅÔâÆÆ»µµÄÇé¿öÒѶàÓмÇÔØ¡£Ò»¸ö¹ú»áµÄµ÷²é±íÃ÷£»ÎÞÂÛÊÇÕþ¸®»¹ÊÇ˽È˵ļÆËã»úϵͳ¶¼Ã»ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ·ÀÆÆ»µÄÜÁ¦¡£ÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ·¸×OÍÅÒѱíʾËûÃÇÏëÓëÕþÖμ¯ÍźÏ×÷µÄÔ¸Íû¡£µ÷²éÒÑ·¢ÏÖ·¸×OÍźÍÍâ¹úÕþ¸®ÔÚÂé×í¼Á·½ÃæµÄºÏ×÷¡£·¸×OÍÅÒѶà´ÎÊÔͼ°µÉ±ÕþÖÎÁìµ¼ÈË¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÆÆ»µÉúÃüά³ÖϵͳµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¡£¼ÆËã»úÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÒ½ÔºµÄÉúÃüά³Öϵͳ¡¢ÊµÑéÊÒÒÔ¼°ÖØ´óÊÖÊõ¡£×ï·¸ÃÇ»áºÜÈÝÒ׵ذÑÕâЩ¼ÆËã»ú±ä³ÉÆÆ»µµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£Í¨¹ýÆÆ»µÉúÃüά³ÖϵͳµÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬×ï·¸¿ÉÒÔÏñÓÃǹһÑùÈÝÒ×ɱÈË¡£Í¨¹ý²Ù×ݼÆËã»ú£¬ËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÒýµ¼ÕâЩ¿Ö²ÀµÄ¹¤¾ß¹¥»÷´óµÄ³ÇÊÐÖÐÐÄ¡£³ÇÊк͹ú¼Ò¶¼¿ÉÄܱä³ÉÈËÖÊ¡£Ä±É±»áÓÐÒ»ÖÖÐÂÐÎʽ¡£¼ÆËã»ú¿ÉÄÜ»á³ÉΪ20ÊÀ¼ÍµÄְҵɱÊÖ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ¼ÆËã»ú·¸×ï¡£¼ÆËã»úΪ¹úÄÚÍâÓÐ×éÖ¯µØ·¸×OÍÅ¿ª±ÙÁ˹ãÀ«µÄ·¸×ïÁìÓò¡£ËüÒªÇóËûÃǼ¯ÖÐ×ÊÔ´£¬ÔöÇ¿ºÏ×÷Á¦Á¿£¬ÒòΪÐí¶àÕâÖÖ·¸×ïÌ«¸´ÔÓ£¬Ò»¸ö¼¯ÍÅÄÑÒÔ´¦Àí£¬ÌرðÊÇÄÇЩÐèÒªÅÓ´óµÄµç×ÓÕ¤À¸ÍøÂçµÄ·¸×ï¡£ËäÈ»×ï·¸ÒÑÊÊÓ¦Á˼ÆËã»ú¼¼Êõ£¬µ«·¨ÖÆ»¹Ã»ÓС£Ðí¶àÈË»¹Óô«Í³µÄ·¸×ïѧ˼¿¼ÎÊÌâ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Èý¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Americans¡¡today¡¡don¡¯t¡¡place¡¡a¡¡very¡¡high¡¡value¡¡on¡¡intellect¡£¡¡Our¡¡heroes¡¡are¡¡athletes£»¡¡entertainers£»¡¡and¡¡entrepreneurs£»¡¡not¡¡scholars¡£¡¡Even¡¡our¡¡schools¡¡are¡¡where¡¡we¡¡send¡¡our¡¡children¡¡to¡¡get¡¡a¡¡practical¡¡education¡¡¡ª¡ª¡¡not¡¡to¡¡pursue¡¡knowledge¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡knowledge¡£¡¡Symptoms¡¡of¡¡pervasive¡¡anti¡intellectualism¡¡in¡¡our¡¡schools¡¡aren'¡¡t¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡find¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡Schools£»¡¡a¡¡counterbalance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Schools¡¡have¡¡always¡¡been¡¡in¡¡a¡¡society¡¡where¡¡practical¡¡is¡¡more¡¡important¡¡than¡¡intellectual£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡education¡¡writer¡¡Diane¡¡Ravitch¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡they¡¡could¡¡and¡¡should¡¡be¡£¡¡Encouraging¡¡kids¡¡to¡¡reject¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡leaves¡¡them¡¡vulnerable¡¡to¡¡exploitation¡¡and¡¡control¡£¡¡Without¡¡the¡¡ability¡¡to¡¡think¡¡critically£»¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡their¡¡ideas¡¡and¡¡understand¡¡the¡¡ideas¡¡of¡¡others£»¡¡they¡¡cannot¡¡fully¡¡participate¡¡in¡¡our¡¡democracy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©Intelligence£»¡¡noble¡¡qualities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Intellect¡¡is¡¡resented¡¡as¡¡a¡¡form¡¡of¡¡power¡¡or¡¡privilege£»¡¨¡¡writes¡¡historian¡¡and¡¡professor¡¡Richard¡¡Hofstadter¡¡in¡¡Anti¡Intellectualism¡¡in¡¡American¡¡life£»¡¡a¡¡Pulitzer¡¡Prize¡¡winning¡¡book¡¡on¡¡the¡¡roots¡¡of¡¡anti¡intellectualism¡¡in¡¡US¡¡politics£»¡¡religion£»¡¡and¡¡education¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨3£©Schools£»¡¡limit¡¡developing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ralph¡¡Waldo¡¡Emerson¡¡and¡¡other¡¡Transcendentalist¡¡philosophers¡¡thought¡¡schooling¡¡and¡¡rigorous¡¡book¡¡learning¡¡put¡¡unnatural¡¡restraints¡¡on¡¡children¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨4£©Inteligence¡¡differs¡¡from¡¡intellect¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Intellect¡¡is¡¡the¡¡critical£»¡¡creative£»¡¡and¡¡contemplative¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mind¡£¡¡Intelligence¡¡seeks¡¡to¡¡grasp£»¡¡manipulate£»¡¡re¡order£»¡¡and¡¡adjust£»¡¡while¡¡intellect¡¡examines£»¡¡ponders£»¡¡wonders£»¡¡theorizes£»¡¡criticizes¡¡and¡¡imagines¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨5£©Intellect¡¡is¡¡still¡¡suspicious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡School¡¡remains¡¡a¡¡place¡¡where¡¡intellect¡¡is¡¡mistrusted¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛA£ÝHofstadter¡¡says¡¡our¡¡country¡¯s¡¡educational¡¡system¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡grips¡¡of¡¡people¡¡who¡¡¡°joyfully¡¡and¡¡militantly¡¡proclaim¡¡their¡¡hostility¡¡to¡¡intellect¡¡and¡¡their¡¡eagerness¡¡to¡¡identify¡¡with¡¡children¡¡who¡¡show¡¡the¡¡least¡¡intellectual¡¡promise¡£¡±¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý¡°We¡¡are¡¡shut¡¡up¡¡in¡¡schools¡¡and¡¡college¡¡recitation¡¡rooms¡¡for¡¡10¡¡or¡¡15¡¡years¡¡and¡¡e¡¡out¡¡at¡¡last¡¡with¡¡a¡¡bellyful¡¡of¡¡words¡¡and¡¡do¡¡not¡¡know¡¡a¡¡thing¡£¡±Mark¡¡Twain¡¯s¡¡Huckleberry¡¡Finn¡¡exemplified¡¡American¡¡anti¡intellectualism¡£¡¡Its¡¡hero¡¡avoids¡¡being¡¡civilized¡¡¡ª¡ª¡¡going¡¡to¡¡school¡¡and¡¡learning¡¡to¡¡read¡¡¡ª¡ª¡¡so¡¡he¡¡can¡¡preserve¡¡his¡¡innate¡¡goodness¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý¡¡Continuing¡¡along¡¡this¡¡path£»¡¡says¡¡writer¡¡Earl¡¡Shorris£»¡¡we¡¡will¡¡bee¡¡a¡¡second¡rate¡¡country¡£¡¡We¡¡will¡¡have¡¡a¡¡less¡¡civil¡¡society¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛD£ÝFrom¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡our¡¡history£»¡¡says¡¡Hofstadter£»¡¡our¡¡democratic¡¡and¡¡populist¡¡urges¡¡have¡¡driven¡¡us¡¡to¡¡reject¡¡anything¡¡that¡¡smells¡¡of¡¡elitism¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛE£ÝRazitch¡¯s¡¡latest¡¡bock£»¡¡Left¡¡Back£º¡¡A¡¡Century¡¡of¡¡Failed¡¡School¡¡Reforms£»¡¡traces¡¡the¡¡roots¡¡of¡¡anti¡intellectualism¡¡in¡¡our¡¡schools£»¡¡concluding¡¡they¡¡are¡¡anything¡¡but¡¡a¡¡counterbalance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡American¡¡distaste¡¡for¡¡intellectual¡¡pursuits¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£ÛF£ÝIntellect£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡Hofstadter£»¡¡is¡¡different¡¡from¡¡native¡¡intelligence£»¡¡a¡¡quality¡¡we¡¡reluctantly¡¡admire¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡´ð°¸¼°½âÎö¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡E¡£±¾ÎĵÚÒ»¶ÎÖ¸³öÃÀ¹úÉç»áÖжÔ֪ʶѧϰÇáÊÓµÄÇãÏò£¬ÄÇô½ÓÏÂÀ´¾ÍÒªÓþßÌåÀý×Ó¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÂÛÊö£¬EÏîÖеÄanti¡ªintellectualismÊǶԵÚÒ»¶Î×îºóÒ»¾äµÄÖÐÐĴʵÄÖظ´£»²¢ÇÒEÏîÖеÄcounterbalanceÒ²³öÏÖÔÚ±¾¶ÎÖÐÐľäÖУ¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÅжϴð°¸ÎªE¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡D¡£±¾¶ÎÒýÓÃÀúʷѧ¼ÒºÀ·ò˹̨µÂµÄ»°£¬ÂÛÖ¤ÁË֪ʶÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¸ßÉеÄ×ÊÖÊ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇȨÁ¦»òÌØȨ¡£Óɱ¾¶ÎÇ°°ë²¿·Ö¡¶ÃÀ¹úÉç»áÖеķ´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷Òå¡·ÖнÒʾµÄ·´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷Òå¸ùÔ´£¬¿ÉÍƲâ³öºÀ·ò˹̨µÂÒª´ÓÀúʷԨԴ˵Æð£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÑ¡³öÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡B¡£¸ù¾ÝÎÄÖС°¡put¡¡unnatural¡¡restrains¡¡on¡¡children¡±¿ÉÖªÏÂÎÄҪѡÔñÊÜÏÞÖƵľßÌåÀý×Ó£¬¶øBÏîÖеÄÁ½¸öÀý×ÓÇ¡ºÃÂÛÖ¤Á˱¾¶ÎµÄÖÐÐÄÒâ˼¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡£¡¡F¡£Óɱ¾¶ÎÖеġ°Intellect¡¡is¡while¡¡intellect¡¡±¿ÉÖª±¾¶ÎÒªÂÛÊö֪ʶºÍÌì·ÖµÄÇø±ð£¬ËùÒÔ¾ÙÀýÒ²Ó¦ÊǹØÓÚ¶þÕßµÄÇø±ð£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª´ð°¸ÎªF¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡£¡¡A¡£´Ë¶Î˵ѧУÀïµÄ֪ʶÈÔÔâµ½»³ÒÉ£¬×ÔÈ»ÏÂÃæÒªÀý¾ÙÔâµ½»³ÒɵľßÌå±íÏÖ£¬Ñ¡ÏîÖÐÖ»ÓÐAÏîµÄ²ûÊö½Ó½ü±¾¶ÎµÄÖÐÐÄÒâ˼£¬¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªA¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÖÐÐÄ˼Ïë¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡±¾ÎÄÊÇһƪÒéÂÛÎÄ£¬ÎÄÖÐÖ¸³öÁËÃÀ¹úÉç»áÖжÔ֪ʶѧϰÇáÊÓµÄÇãÏò£¬ÕâÖÖÇãÏòÔ´ÓÚ¶ÔʵÓÃÐÔµÄÈÏͬ£¬²¢·ÖÎöÁËÔÚ֪ʶºÍÌì·ÖÇø±ðµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÖªÊ¶µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÒëÎÄ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µ±½ñµÄÃÀ¹úÈ˶Ô֪ʶµÄ»ñµÃ²¢²»ÌرðÖØÊÓ¡£ÎÒÃÇÐÄÄ¿ÖеÄÓ¢ÐÛÊÇÔ˶¯Ô±¡¢ÑÝÔ±ºÍÆóÒµ¼Ò£¬¶ø²»ÊÇѧÕß¡£ÉõÖÁѧУҲÊÇÒ»¸öÎÒÃÇËͺ¢×ÓÈ¥½ÓÊÜʵÓýÌÓýµÄ³¡Ëù£¬¶ø²»ÊÇΪÁË»ñµÃ֪ʶ¶øѧ֪ʶµÄµØ·½¡£Ñ§Ð£ÀïºÜÈÝÒ×¼ûµ½´¦´¦´æÔڵķ´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷ÒåµÄÏÖÏ󡣡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°Ñ§Ð£×ÜÊÇ´¦ÔÚÒ»¸öʵ¼ùÖØÓÚ֪ʶµÄÉç»á»·¾³ÖС£¡±½ÌÓý×÷¼Ò÷ì°²£¿Èðά´Ä˵¡£Èðά´Ä×îгö°æµÄÒ»±¾Ê顶ѧУ¸Ä¸ïÒ»¸öÊÀ¼ÍµÄʧ°Ü¡·×·ËÝÁËÎÒÃǵÄѧУÀﷴ֪ʶÖ÷ÒåµÄ¸ùÔ´£¬²¢µÃ³ö½áÂÛ£ºËüÃǸù±¾²»ÄÜƽºâÃÀ¹úÈ˶Ô×·Çó֪ʶµÄ·´¸Ð¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µ«ÊÇѧУÄܹ»¶øÇÒÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÈËÃÇ×·Çó֪ʶµÄµØ·½¡£¹ÄÀøº¢×ÓÅ×ÆúÄÔÁ¦»î¶¯Ê¹µÃËûÃÇÈÝÒ×±»ÀûÓúͿØÖÆ¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÄÜÁ¦½øÐÐÅúÅÐÐÔ˼ά£¬Î¬»¤×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã²¢Àí½âËûÈ˵Ĺ۵㣬ËûÃǾͲ»Äܳä·ÖµØ²ÎÓëµ½ÎÒÃǵÄÃñÖ÷ÕþÖÎÖÐÀ´¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÖªÊ¶±»ÈËÃÇ¿´×÷ÊÇÒ»ÖÖȨÁ¦»òÌØȨµÄÐÎʽ¶øÔâµ½Ô÷¶ñ£¬¡±Àúʷѧ¼ÒÀí²éµÂ£¿ºÀ·ò˹̨µÂ½ÌÊÚÔÚËûµÄ¡¶ÃÀ¹úÉç»áÖеķ´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷Òå¡·Ò»ÊéÖÐÕâÑù˵¡£¸ÃÊéÒòΪ½ÒʾÃÀ¹úÕþÖΡ¢×Ú½ÌÒÔ¼°½ÌÓý½çµÄ·´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷Òå¸ùÔ´£¬»ñµÃÆÕÀû²ß½±¡£ºÀ·ò˹̨µÂ˵£¬´ÓÎÒÃǵÄÀúÊ·×îÔçÆÚ¿ªÊ¼£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÃñÖ÷ºÍÃñ´âÖ÷ÒåÇãÏò¾ÍʹÎÒÃDZ÷ÆúÒ»ÇÐÓо«Ó¢ÕþÖÎζµÀµÄ¶«Î÷¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡À·òÍ߶û£¿¶à°®Ä¬ÉúºÍÆäËûһЩÏÈÑéÂÛÕÜѧ¼ÒÈÏΪѧУ½ÌÓýºÍ¸ßÇ¿¶ÈµÄÊ鱾ѧϰ»áʹº¢×ÓÊܵ½²»Õý³£µÄÏÞÖÆ£¬¡°ÎÒÃDZ»¹ØÔÚѧУºÍ´óѧµÄ±³ËÐÊÒÀһ¹Ø¾ÍÊÇ10µ½15Ä꣬×îºó´ø×ÅÂú¸¹¾ÂÚ³öÀ´£¬È´Ê²Ã´¶¼²»ÖªµÀ¡£¡±Âí¿Ë£¿ÍÂεÄ×÷Æ·¡¶¹þ¿Ë±´Àû£¿·Ò¡·ÕâÑùÃèÊöÃÀ¹úµÄ·´ÖªÊ¶Ö÷Ò壺ÊéÖеÄÖ÷È˹«¾Ü¾ø½ÓÊÜÎÄÃ÷½Ì»¯¡ª¡ªÉÏѧÈÏ×Ö¡ª¡ªËùÒÔËû±£³ÖÁË×Ô¼ºÌìÉúµÄºÃµÄÆ·ÖÊ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÔÚºÀ·ò˹̨µÂ¿´À´£¬ÖªÊ¶ºÍÌì·ÖÊDz»Í¬µÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇËä²»ÇéÔ¸£¬µ«Ö»ÄÜÏÛĽ±ðÈ˵ÄÌì·Ö£¬µ«ÖªÊ¶ÊÇÎÒÃÇÍ·ÄÔÖÐÅúÅÐÐÔ¡¢´´ÔìÐԺͳÁ˼ÐÔµÄÒ»Ãæ¡£Ìì·Ö¶ÔÐÅÏ¢½øÐÐÀí½â¡¢Ó¦Óᢼӹ¤¡¢²