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the silmarillion-第92部分

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celebrin and tal; dal 'foot'。 
coron 'mound' in Corollair? (also called Coron Oiolair?; which latter word appears to mean 'Ever…summer';  
cf。 Oioloss?); cf。 Cerin Amroth; the great mound in Lothlórien。 
cú 'bow' in Cúthalion; Dor Cúarthol; Laer Cú Beleg。 
cuivi? 'awakening' in Cuiviénen (Sindarin Nen Echui)。 Other derivatives of the same root are Dor  
Firn…i…Guinar; coire; the first beginning of Spring; Sindarin echuir。 The Lord of the Rings Appendix D; and coimas  
'life…bread'; Quenya name of lembas。 
cul… 'golden…red' in Culúrien。 
curu 'skill' in Curuftn(we); Curunír。 
dae 'shadow' in Dor Daedeloth; and perhaps m Daeron。 
dagor 'battle'; the root is ndak…; cf。 Haudh…en…Ndengin。 Another derivative is Dagnir (Dagnir Glaurunga  
'Glaurung's Bane')。 
del 'horror* in Deldúwath; deloth 'abhorrence' in Dor Daedeloth。 
d?n 'silent' in Dor Dínen; cf。 Rath Dínen; the Silent Street in Minas Tirith; and Amon D?n; one of the beacon…hills of  
Gondor。 
dol 'head' in Lórindol; often applied to hills and mountains; as in Dol Guldur; Dolmed; Mindolluin (also Nardol;  
one of the beacon…hills of Gondor; and Fanuidhol; one of the Mountains of Moria)。 
d?r 'land' (i。e。 dry land as opposed to sea) was derived from ndor; it occurs in many Sindarin names; as Doriath;  
Dorthonion; Eriador; Gondor; Mordor; etc。 In Quenya the stem was blended and confused with a quite distinct word  
nór? meaning 'people'; in origin Valinór? was strictly 'the people of the Valar'; but Valandor 'the land of the Valar';  
and similarly Númen(n)ór? 'people of the West'; but Númendor 'land of the West'。 Quenya Endor 'Middle…earth' was  
from ened 'middle' and ndor; this in Sindarin became Ennor (cf。 ennorath 'middle lands' in the chant A Elbereth  
Gilthoniel)。 
draug 'wolf' in Draugluin。 
dú 'night; dimness' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath。 Derived from earlier d?m?; whence Quenya lóm?; thus  
Sindarin dúlin 'nightingale' corresponds to lómelind?。 
duin '(long) river' in Anduin; Baranduin; Esgalduin; Malduin; Taur…im…Duinath。 
d?r 'dark' in Barad…d?r; Caragd?r; Dol Guldur; also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor)。 
?ar 'sea' (Quenya) in E?rendil; E?rrám?; and many other names。 The Sindarin word gaer (in Belegaer) is  
apparently derived from the same original stem。 
echor in Echoriath 'Encircling Mountains' and Orfalch Echor; cf。 Rammas Echor 'the great wall of the outer  
circle' about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith。 
edhel 'elf (Sindarin) in Adanedhel; Aredhel; Glóredhel; Ost…in…Edhil; also in Peredhil 'Half…elven'。 
eithel 'well' m Eithel Ivrin; Eithel Sirion; Barad Eithel; also in Mitheithel; the river Hoarwell in Eriador  
(named from its source)。 See kel…。 
êl; elen 'star'。 According to Elvish legend; ele was a primitive exclamation 'behold!' made by the Elves when  
they first saw the stars。 From this origin derived the ancient words êl and elen; meaning 'star'; and the adjectives elda  
and elena; meaning 'of the stars'。 These elements appear in a great many names。 For the later use of the name Eldar  
see the Index。 The Sindarin equivalent of Elda was Edhel (plural Edhil); q。v。; 'but the strictly corresponding form  
was Eledh; which occurs in Eledhwen。 
er 'one; alone'; in Amon Ereb (cf; Erebor; the Lonely Mountain); Erchamion; Eress?a; Eru。 
ereg 'thorn; holly' in Eregion; Region。 
esgal 'screen; hiding' in Esgalduin。 
falas 'shore; line of surf' (Quenya falass?) in Falas; Belfalas; also Anfalas in Gondor。 Cf。 Falathar;  
Falathrim。 Another derivative from the root was Quenya falma '(crested) wave'; whence Falmari; Mar…nu…Falmar。 
faroth is derived from a root meaning 'hunt; pursue'; in the Lay of Leithian the Taur…en…Faroth above  
Nargothrond are called 'the Hills of the Hunters'。 
faug… 'gape' in Anfauglir; Anfauglith; Dor…nu…Fauglith。 
fea 'spirit' in F?anor; F?anturi。 
fin… 'hair' in Finduilas; Fingon; Finrod; Glorftndel。 
formen 'north' (Quenya) in Formenos; Sindarin forn (also for; forod) in Fornost。 
fuin 'gloom; darkness' (Quenya huine) in Fuinur; Taur…nu…Fuin。 
gaer 'sea' in Belegaer (and in Gaerys; Sindarin name of Oss?)。 Said to derive from the stem gaya 'awe;  
dread'; and to have been the name made for the vast and terrifying Great Sea when the Eldar first came to its shores。 
gaur 'werewolf (from a root ngwaw… 'howl') m Tol…in…Gaurhoth。 
gil 'star' in Dagor…nuin…Giliath; Osgiliath (giliath 'host of stars'); Gil…Estel; Gil…galad。 
girith 'shuddering' in Nen Girith; cf。 also Girithron; name of the last month of the year in Sindarin (The Lord  
of the Rings Appendix D)。 
glin 'gleam' (particularly applied to the eyes) in Maeglin。 
golodh is the Sindarin form of Quenya Noldo; see gul Plural Golodhrim; and Gelydh (in Annon…in…Gelydh)。 
gond 'stone' in Gondolin; Gondor; Gonnhirrim; Argonath; seregon。 The name of the hidden city of King  
Turgon was devised by him in Quenya as Ondolind? (Quenya ondo= Sindarin gond; and lind? 'singing; song'); but it  
was known always in legend in the Sindarin form Gondolin; which was probably interpreted as gond…dolen 'Hidden  
Rock'。 
gor 'horror; dread' in Gorthaur; Gorthol; goroth of the same meaning; with reduplicated gor; in Gorgoroth; Ered  
Gorgoroth。 
groth (grod) 'delving; underground dwelling' m Menegroth; Nogrod (probably also in Nimrodel; 'lady of the white  
cave')。 Nogrod was originally Novrod 'hollow delving' (hence the translation Hollowbold); but was altered under the  
influence of naug 'dwarf'。 
gul 'sorcery' in Dol Guldur; Minas Morgul。 This word was derived from the same ancient stem ngol… that  
appears in Noldor; cf。 Quenya nól? 'long study; lore; knowledge'。 But the Sindarin word was darkened in sense by its  
frequent use in the pound morgul 'black arts'。 
gurth 'death' in Gurthang (see also Melkor in the Index)。 
gwaith 'people' in Gwaith…i…Mírdain; cf。 Enedwaith 'Middle…folk'; name of the land between the Greyflood  
and the Isen。 
gwalh; wath 'shadow' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath; also in Gwathlo; the river Greyflood in Eriador。 Related forms  
in Ered Wethrin; ThurIngw?thil。 (This Sindarin word referred to dim light; not to the shadows of objects cast by  
light: these were called morchaint 'dark shapes'。) 
hadhod in Hadhodrond (translation of Khazad…d?m) was a rendering of Khazad into Sindarin sounds。 
haudh 'mound' in Haudh…en…Arwen; Haudh…en…Elleth; etc。 
heru 'lord' in Herumor; Herunúmen; Sindarin hir in Gonnhirrim; Rohirrim; Barahir; híril 'lady' in Hírilorn。 
him 'cool' in Himlad (and Himring?)。 
h?n 'children' in Eruhini 'Children of Eru'; Narn i H?n Húrin。 
hith 'mist' in Hithaeglir; Hithlum (also in Nen Hithoel; a lake in Anduin)。 Hithlum is Sindarin in form;  
adapted from the Quenya name Hísilóm? given by the Noldorin exiles (Quenya hísi? 'mist'; cf。 Hísim?; the name of  
the eleventh month of the year。 The Lord of the Rings Appendix D)。 
hoth 'host; horde' (nearly always in a bad sense) in Tol…in…Gaurhoth; also in Loss(h)oth; the Snowmen of  
Forochel (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A 'I; iii') and Glamhoth 'din…horde'; a name for Orcs。 
hyarmen 'south' (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har…; harn; harad。 
ia 'void; abyss' m Moria。 
iant 'bridge' in Iant Iaur。 
iath 'fence' in Doriath。 
iaur 'old' in Iant Iaur; cf。 the Elvish name of Bombadil; Iarwain。 
ilm… This stem appears in Ilmen; Ilmar?; and also in Ilmarin ('mansion of the high airs'; the dwelling of  
Manw? and Varda upon Oioloss?)。 
ilúv? 'the whole; the all' in Ilúvatar。 
kal' (gal…) This root; meaning 'shine'; appears in Calacirya; Calaquendi; Tar…Calion; galvorn; Gil…galad;  
Galadriel。 The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree'; although in the case of Galadriel such a  
connexion was often made; and the name altered to Galadhriel。 In the High…elven speech her name was Al(a)táriel;  
derived from alata 'radiance' (Sindarin galad) and riel 'garlanded maiden' (from a root rig… 'twine; wreathe'): the  
whole meaning 'maiden crowned with a radiant garland'; referring to her hair。 calen (galen) 'green' is etymologically  
'bright'; and derives from this root; see also aglar。 
káno 'mander': this Quenya word is the origin of the second element m Fingon and Turgon。 
kel… 'go away'; of water 'flow away; flow down'; in Celon; from et…kele 'issue of water; spring' was derived;  
with transposition of the consonants; Quenya ehtele; Sindarin eithel。 
kemen 'earth' in Kementári; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel; the heavens。 
kheliek… 'ice' in Helcar; Helcarax? (Quenya helka 'icy; ice…cold')。 But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin  
heledh 'glass'; taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf。 Kheled…zaram 'Mirrormere'); Helevorn means 'black glass' (cf。  
galvorn)。 
khil… 'follow' in Hildor; Hildórien; Eluchíl。 
kir… 'cut; cleave' in Calacirya; Cirth; Angerthas; Cirith (Ninniach; Thoronath)。 From the sense 'pass swiftly  
through' was derived Quenya círya 'sharp…prowed ship' (cf。 English cutter); and this meaning appears also in Círdan;  
Tar…Ciryatan; and no doubt in the name of Isildur's son Círyon。 
lad 'plain; valley' in Dagorlad; Himlad; imlad a narrow valley wit
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